南水北调中线丹江口库区农业面源污染PSR评价与基于GIS的空间特征分析

丹江口水库是南水北调中线工程的水源地,其水体污染状况将直接影响调水水质,农业面源污染作为水源区主要污染之一,对其进行防治是调水安全的重要保障。采用等标污染负荷法在压力-状态-响应（PSR）概念模型下对水源区五市县禽畜养殖、土壤侵蚀、化肥流失、人粪尿、农村生活污水、水产养殖、生活垃圾进行了面污染源评价,并分析了其空间分布特征及重点区域污染特点。结果表明,水源区主要农业面污染源是畜禽养殖、土壤侵蚀和化肥流失;面源污染区域为淅川县〉郧县〉丹江口市〉郧西县〉西峡县;GIS空间分析能直观有效地反映各地区的污染情况,为有针对性地对污染治理提供依据。

Evaluation with PSR Model and GIS Analysis of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution in Danjiangkou Reservoir of the Mid-Route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project

The Danjiangkou Reservoir is the water source area of the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project.Thus the water pollution there will directly affect the water quality of the Water Transferred.And Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution（ANPS）had found to be one of major pollute source in the reservoir area,controlling this kind of pollution,therefore is of great importance for ensuring the successful water diversion.Based on the conceptual Model of Pressure-State-Response（PSR）,the ANPS including pollutions by poultry and livestock breeding,soil erosion,chemical fertilizers loss,human excrements,domestic waste,straw wastes,aquaculture and rural domestic sewage was evaluated using Equivalent Pollution Loading Method with the data covering five counties in water source area in 2007.Spatial distribution characteristics and pollution characteristics of key regions was identified.The results showed that the primary pollution sources were poultry and livestock breeding,soil erosion and chemical fertilizers loss.According to PSR Model,Xichuan County,Yun County,Danjiangkou City,Yunxi County and Xixia County were suffered non-point pollution in a descending order.Through GIS mapping,the spatial distribution of ANPS in these couties were illustrated which would be conducive to constituting pertinent pollution control measures.