沼液不同施用量对水稻产量及稻米品质的影响

沼液是一种含有丰富氮磷钾等营养元素和钙、铜、铁、锌、锰等中微量营养元素的优质有机肥,将其应用于农业生产对提高作物产量和农产品品质有重要的意义。将沼液的资源化利用与农业生产相结合,在四川省邛崃市进行种植试验,以水稻为供试材料,以清水和当地常规施肥（化肥）为对照,设置不同的沼液施用量,研究了沼液农用对稻谷产量及稻米营养品质的影响,为优质大米的生产以及沼液的合理利用和科学处理提供依据。结果表明,施用沼液增产效果明显,沼液用量在11.25～18.75t·hm^-2时稻谷的产量较高,比清水对照和常规化肥处理分别提高12.21%～15.52%和6.78%～9.93%;同时,沼液还可以提高稻米中蛋白质的含量,强化稻米中Fe、Mn、Ca、Mg等矿质营养,有助于提升稻米营养品质。

Effects of Application Amounts of Biogas Slurry on Yield and Quality of Rice

Biogas is promoted widely in China both as a means of organic waste reduction and a renewable energy. Biogas slurry,residues of anaerobic digestion in biogas plants,increases with expansion of biogas plants and its appropriate uses will be crucial. It contains rich macro-and micro-nutrient elements,such as N,P,K,Ca,Cu,Fe,Zn,Mn,etc and is usually used as fertilizers. Previous studies have proved its effectiveness in enhancing crop yield but its effects on crop quality are unknown. In the present study,the effects of different application rates of biogas slurry on both grain yield and quality of paddy rice were investigated by field experiments with application of water and chemical fertilizers as controls. Chemical fertilizers were applied at the tillering stage following the local tradition. Ten application rates of biogas slurry,i.e.,3.75,7.50,11.25,15.00,18.75,22.50,26.25,30.00,37.50 and 45.00 t·hm^-2,were designed. For each rate 50%,40% and 20% was applied at tillering,jointing and full-heading stage,respectively. Results revealed that application of biogas slurry enhanced significantly rice grain yield and the highest yield was obtained at the rate of 11.25-18.75 t·hm^-2,12.2 % to 15.5% higher than the control of water application and 6.8% to 9.9% higher than the control of chemical fertilizer application. Application of biogas slurry could also enhance significantly the contents of protein and mineral elements of rice grains. Use of biogas slurry in agriculture can not only reduce biogas plant liquid wastes but also improve yield and quality of crops.