新型生物炭基氮肥对土壤一冬小麦系统氮素累积及相关生物活性的影响

通过田间试验，研究了掺混型、吸附型和反应型3种新型生物炭基硝酸铵氮肥在冬小麦生长过程中对土壤氮素累积及冬小麦对氮素的利用状况和相关生物活性的影响。试验处理包括CK（不施氮肥，不施生物炭）、硝酸铵氮肥、生物炭、掺混型生物炭基氮肥、吸附型及反应型生物炭基氮肥。研究结果表明：不同工艺制备的生物炭基氮肥对土壤铵态氮的累积具有显著影响，吸附型和反应型处理在冬小麦生长季铵态氮平均值大于对照（CK），对于总氮、硝态氮和亚硝态氮累积量的影响不显著。除了生物炭单施处理外，其他处理均比CK显著提高冬小麦地上部的总氮累积量，但对冬小麦的氮素利用状况无显著影响，且三种炭基氮肥处理问无显著差异；施用不同类型生物炭基氮肥对土壤微生物量氮含量和硝酸还原酶活性具有提高作用，而对微生物量碳含量、亚硝酸还原酶和脲酶活性无显著影响。

Effects of Different Biochar-based Nitrogen Fertilizers on Nitrogen Accumulation and Biological Activities in Soil-Winter Wheat System

Due to its large surface area and rich functional groups, bioehar has been used as a cartier for slow-release fertilizers. In this study, the effects of three bioehar-based nitrogen fertilizers（BNF） on nitrogen accumulation and biological activities in soil and winter wheat system were evaluated. The experiment treatments were：CK（0 nitrogen fertilizer and 0 bioehar）, ammonium nitrate only（AN ）, biochar only （BC）, ammonium nitrate-bioehar blending BNF（ CH ）, ammonium nitrate adsorbed on biochar BNF（XF ） and ammonium nitrate reacted with biochar BNF（FY）. Ammonium accumulation in soil was significantly affected by BNFs, especially XF and FY. During winter wheat growth, the average contents of NH2-N was higher in soils receiving XF and FY than in the control treatment. However, total nitrogen, ni- trate and nitrite did not show treatment effects. Compared to CK, three BNFs significantly increased nitrogen accumulation in wheat above- ground parts, but had no influence on nitrogen utilization efficiency of wheat. Applying BNFs increased soil microbial biomass nitrogen and nitrate reduetase activity, but did not affect soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrite reductase and urease activities. Farther studies are necessary on agronomic and biological effects of bioehar-based nitrogen fertilizers.