东北地区不同水稻品种对Cd的累积特性研究

采用土培盆栽试验方法,以东北地区大面积种植的32个水稻品种为试验材料,在土壤中未添加和添加Cd（5mg.kg-1Cd）的条件下,研究水稻生长、籽粒产量和Cd在水稻植株不同部位的分配规律。结果表明,土壤中添加Cd后,多数水稻籽粒产量和植株总生物量下降,只有少数品种籽粒产量和生物量有所上升。Cd在水稻植株中的含量遵循根系〉茎叶〉颖壳〉籽粒的规律,但从分配比例来看,土壤中未添加Cd时根系中Cd的分配比例较高,添加Cd后茎叶中Cd的分配比例明显增加。从稻米产量和质量安全角度综合考虑,认为越路早生（3号）品种为农业生产中较理想的种植品种,沈农265（1号）、农林315（30号）、屉锦（31号）、沈稻12（32号）品种可以在中轻度污染的农田土壤条件下种植,而千重浪-1（8号）、辽盐2（14号）、辽盐283（17号）、辽恢190（19号）以及吉03-2843（27号）品种尽量避免在污染土壤上种植。研究结果对东北地区镉污染稻田选择水稻品种,保障稻米安全具有重要意义。

Accumulation and Distribution of Cadmium in Different Rice Cultivars of Northeastern China

In a soil pot experiment,32 rice cultivars collected from Northeastern China were planted in soil amended with 0 mg·kg-1 or 5 mg·kg-1 Cd.Two rice seedlings per cultivar were transplanted to a 30 cm×20 cm×15 cm plastic pot in May 26 and harvested in September 30.The height of rice seedlings was measured at June 25,July 18 and August 12.At harvest,total biomass and grain yield were measured,and Cd concentrations in root,shoot,glume and kernel were determined.Results showed that grain yield and total biomass of most rice cultivars grown at Cd5 were lowed than at Cd0 treatment,whereas the height of rice did not differ significantly at Cd0 and Cd5.The Cd concentrations in different parts of rice were as following：root shoot glume kernel.At Cd0,most of Cd was distributed in roots,but at Cd5 treatment,the proportion of Cd in shoots was greater than in roots for most rice cultivars.Taking together the grain yield and food safety,we suggested that Yueluzaosheng（number 3） was the best cultivar for agriculture production.The cultivars of Shennong 265（1）,Nonglin 315（30）,Tijin（31）,Shendao 12（32） were suitable to grow in slightly polluted soils,whereas Qianchonglang-1（8）,Liaoyan 2（14）,Liaoyan 283（17）,Liaohui190（19）,Ji03-2843（27） were unsuitable to grow in Cd polluted soils.Our study provides important evidence for selecting appropriate rice cultivars in Northeastern China.