人工快速渗滤法处理干旱区小城镇污水的试验研究

人工快速渗滤法作为一种处理效率较高、处理成本较低、运行维护技术要求低的分散式污水处理技术,比较符合小城镇污水处理需求。针对西北干旱区小城镇水环境污染日益严重,利用模拟系统研究了不同填料比和不同湿干比对人工快速渗滤系统处理小城镇污水时COD、总磷、凯氏氮和铵氮去除效果的影响。结果表明,土砂比2∶1的系统污染物去除效果优于其他填料比,对COD、总磷、凯氏氮和铵氮的去除率分别为35.05%～65.07%、53.27%～70.38%、10.42%～49.65%和11.61%～50.27%。COD、凯氏氮和铵氮的去除率在湿干比1∶1时最高,分别为27.86%～65.07%、49.65%～53.18%和50.27%～57.14%。在湿干比1∶5时,总磷的最高去除率为45.37%～69.15%。

Experimental Study on Artificial Fast Infiltration Processing Sewage Water from Small Towns in Arid Area

Water pollution is becoming more and more serious in small towns in Northwest Regions recently. Constructed rapid infiltration, with characteristics of high treating efficiency, low costs and low technical requirements for operation and maintenance, is an attractive decentralized wastewater treatment technology. Artificial sand columns were employed to study the effects of soil/sand ratio and wet/dry ratio on the removal rates of COD, total phosphorus, Kjeldahl nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen. Results showed that the pollutant removal effects of the systems with soil/sand ratio of 2∶1 were better than the others, of which COD, total phosphorus, Kjeldahl nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen removal rates were 35.05%～65.07%, 53.27%～70.38%, 10.42%～49.65% and 11.61%～50.27%. The highest removal rates of COD, Kjeldahl nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen were reached when wet/dry ratio was set at 1∶1, which were 27.86%～65.07%, 49.65%～53.18% and 50.27%～57.14% respectively, while the maximum removal rate of total phosphorus, 45.37%～69.15%, was achieved at wet/dry ratio 1∶5.