吉林省畜禽粪便自然堆放条件下粪便/土壤体系中Cu、Zn的分布规律

本文通过对不同养殖场鸡、猪、牛粪便自然堆放条件下粪便和土壤样品的采集和实验室分析,研究了吉林省部分养殖场不同类型畜禽粪便Cu、Zn含量,以及粪便自然堆放对土壤Cu、Zn含量的影响。结果表明,鸡粪、猪粪和牛粪中Cu的含量范围和均值分别为7.12～26.04mg·kg-（1风干样,下同）（均值18.24mg·kg-1）、87.99～463.7mg·kg-（1均值243.6mg·kg-1）、3.95～27.63mg·kg-（1均值12.28mg·kg-1）;Zn的含量范围和均值分别为179.2～340.8mg·kg-（1均值276.9mg·kg-1）、140.5～455.8mg·kg-（1均值381.8mg·kg-1）、150.5～292.3mg·kg-（1均值188.1mg·kg-1）。不同类型粪便中Cu、Zn含量均是猪粪〉鸡粪〉牛粪,但不论是哪种类型的畜禽粪便重金属含量均是Zn〉Cu。在自然堆放条件下,鸡粪和猪粪中的Cu可从粪便向底土迁移,迁移量随粪便中Cu含量的增加而增加,并主要积累在土壤表层,而牛粪在自然堆放过程中对底土的Cu含量影响不显著,粪底土Cu含量分布规律为猪粪底土〉鸡粪底土〉牛粪底土;鸡粪、猪粪和牛粪中的Zn也可向底土迁移,使粪底土Zn含量有不同程度的增加,但主要积累在粪底土的表层,且不同类型粪便底土Zn含量差异不明显。

Distribution of Cu and Zn in System of Animal Manures/Excrement-Subsoil Under Natural Stacking of Animal Manures in Jilin, China

With the development of poultry breeding and increasing of Cu and Zn additive amount in feed, Cu and Zn in animal manures have become the considering resource of heavy metals in soils, therefore, there will be of the significance to study the migration and accumulation of Cu and Zn in system of animal manures/excrement-subsoil under natural stacking of animal manures for rightly assessing the pollution effect of Cu and Zn in animal manures. The contents of Cu and Zn in animal manures and effects of animal manures stacking under natural condition on the contents of Cu and Zn in the excrement-subsoil were studied in the paper by sampling different kinds of animal manures excremental-subsoil located in Jilin Province. The results showed that the contents of Cu in chicken manure, pig excrement and cow dung were the range of 7.12～26.04 mg·kg-1（air-dried sample, being the same as the following）（average of 18.24 mg·kg-1, the same meaning as this in the following）, 87.99～463.7 mg·kg-1（243.6 mg·kg-1） and 3.95～27.63 mg·kg-1（12.28 mg·kg-1）, and the contents of Zn in chicken manure, pig excrement and cow dung were the range of 179.2～340.8 mg·kg-1（276.9 mg·kg-1）, 140.5～455.8 mg·kg-1（381.8 mg·kg-1） and 150.5～292.3 mg·kg-1（188.1 mg·kg-1）, respectively. The contents of Cu and Zn were the order of pig excrementchicken manurecow dung in the different kinds of animal manures and were the order of ZnCu in the same animal manures. Under the natural condition stacking, Cu could move from pig excrement and chicken manure to excremental-subsoil and the amount of Cu from animal manures into soils increased with the increasing of contents of Cu in animal manures, consequently Cu accumulated nearly in the topsoil, however, the effect of cow dung on the content of Cu in excremental-subsoil was not obvious. Generally, the contents of Cu in the excremental-subsoil was in the order of pig excrementchicken manurecow dung. Meanwhile, the content of Zn in the excremental-subsoil increased to some extent under the natural stacking of pig excrement, chicken manure and cow dung and accumulated mainly in topsoil, however, there was not obvious difference of the content of Zn among the different kinds of excremental-subsoil.