水葫芦高温堆肥过程中氮素损失及控制技术研究

为减少水葫芦高温堆肥过程中氮素损失,采用静态高温好氧堆肥的方法,分析了水葫芦堆肥过程中氮素转化规律,研究了添加化学保氮剂对减少堆肥中氮素损失的效果。结果表明,水葫芦堆肥过程中总氮及有机氮含量均呈上升趋势,铵态氮与硝态氮含量均呈先上升后下降的趋势,总氮损失率为12.84%;水葫芦堆肥过程中氮素损失途径主要为以NH3、N2O等气态形式逸出,其中,堆肥前10d是NH3挥发的高峰期,堆制后第5~9d的N2O排放速率最大;添加化学保氮剂对水葫芦堆肥过程第4~10d的氨挥发具有显著的抑制作用,NH3挥发量可减少23.82%,另外,化学保氮剂处理降低了堆制后第0~5d的N2O排放速率,增加了第9d以后的N2O排放速率;使用化学保氮剂原位控制水葫芦堆肥过程的氮素损失具有较好的效果,与常规对照相比,化学保氮剂对水葫芦堆体的保氮效率为32.70%。

Nitrogen Loss and Technique for Nitrogen Conservation in High Temperature Composting of Hyacinth

This study aimed at investigating the mechanism of nitrogen loss and effect of ammonia-fixing synergist on reducing nitrogen loss in high temperature composting of hyacinth. An aerated static pile compost system was employed to compost the hyacinth. The results showed that both of the total N and org-N increased during composting process, while the NH4^＋N and NO3^-N increased during 0-3 d of composting, then decreased. At the end of composting, total N loss accounted for 12.84%. Main ways of nitrogen loss during the composting process were volatilization in the form of ammonia（NH3） and nitrous oxide（ N2O ）. The maximum release rate of NH3 was observed during the first 10 d of composting, while the maximum N20 emission rate was observed at 5-9 d, The main role of ammonia-fixing synergist in reducing nitrogen loss was the reduction of NH3 volatilization during 4-10 d, and the amount of NH3 volatilization decreased by 23.80%. When treated with am- monia-fixing synergist, the N20 emission rate increased during the first 5 d ,while decreased after 9 d of composting. The effect of adding am- monia-fixing synergist in nitrogen conservation was better than the control group, and the nitrogen conservation ratio was 32.70%.