施用蛋鸡粪的龙眼园土壤质量现状评价

本文调查了蛋鸡养殖场粪便产生量及处理利用现状等基本资料,选点采集养殖场配套龙眼园的土壤样品,通过分析测定有机质、全氮、全磷、铜、锌等指标,探讨了施用蛋鸡粪对龙眼园土壤质量的影响,并对龙眼园土壤环境现状进行评价。结果表明,该养殖场龙眼园土壤粪便当量负荷为19.14t·hm-2,未超过以氮计的土壤粪便当量负荷警戒值。四个季节施用蛋鸡粪的龙眼园土壤中有机质、全氮、全磷、铜、锌等指标均高于未施用蛋鸡粪的橡胶园土壤,但无显著差异;施用过蛋鸡粪的龙眼园土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、铜、锌全年平均含量分别为18.71g·kg-1、0.97g·kg-1、0.79g·kg-1、19.65mg·kg-1和43.05mg·kg-1,均显著高于未施用过蛋鸡粪的橡胶园土壤。四个季节龙眼园土壤和橡胶园土壤铜、锌单项污染指数均小于1,属于安全级别。由于龙眼园施用的蛋鸡粪仅占养殖场蛋鸡粪产生总量的2%,而且采用直接施用鲜鸡粪的方式,因此仍存在环境污染的隐患。本文所得结果可为评估蛋鸡养殖场环境污染风险及与果园结合的蛋鸡养殖模式的合理性提供依据。

Assessment for Soil Quality Status in Longan Orchard Fertilized with Laying Hen Feces

To evaluate the soil quality status in longan orchard fertilized with laying hen feces, the generation and management of the laying hen feces in layer farm were investigated, chemical indexes such as organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, Cu and Zn of soil in longan orchard were determined, and the effects of laying hen feces on longan orchards soil were also measured. Results showed that the equivalent load of feces on soil in longan orchard was 19.14 t·hm-2, which did not exceed the warning value of equivalent load of feces on soil counted by nitrogen. Chemical indexes of soil in longan orchard fertilized with laying hen feces were higher than those indexes in rubber plantation which did not fertilized with laying hen feces, but there wasn′t significant difference in spring, summer, autumn and winter. The chemical indexes such as organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, Cu and Zn of soil in longan orchard were 18.71 g·kg-1, 0.97 g·kg-1, 0.79 g·kg-1, 19.65 mg·kg-1 and 43.05 mg·kg-1 respectively on average in a year, which were significantly higher than those in rubber plantation. The individual pollution index of copper and zinc in four season were both less than 1, belonging to the security level. Because only 2% of total fresh laying hen feces was fertilized in Longan orchard, there were still risks of environmental pollution. Basis was provided for assessing the risk of environmental pollution and the rationality of laying hen farm pattern with fruit garden from this article.