鸡粪施入农田土壤的氨挥发研究

在北京海淀区东北旺乡利用风洞法氨挥发测定系统，研究了不同施肥方式、施肥量和添加剂对鸡粪在农田施用过程中氨挥发的影响。结果表明，施肥方式显著影响鸡粪氨挥发，试验期间在田间裸地24000kg·hm^-2施肥量下，表施的累积氨挥发氮损失为19．8％，而表施后立即深翻5-9cm，氨挥发损失为3．3％；不同施肥量下，24000kg·hm^-2之比12000kg·hm^-2和8000kg·hm^-2的氨挥发损失分别减少2．1％和4．9％，但统计差异不显著；锯末对鸡粪氨挥发没有起到抑制作用，未添加锯末处理的氨挥发损失为19．5％，而添加锯末处理的氨挥发损失为21．1％；过磷酸钙对鸡粪氨挥发抑制效果显著，未添加过磷酸钙处理的氨挥发损失为31．8％，而添加过磷酸钙处理的氨挥发损失为21．9％，比未添加降低了31．1％。

Ammonia Volatilization from Field-applied Chicken Manure in Beijing

Ammonia volatilization was measured using a wind tunnel system after applying chicken manure to land soil in the suburb of Beijing. Continuous sampling for ammonia volatilizations was done over 16 days after chicken manure application. The influences of application methods, application rates, and additives were evaluated based on N loss through ammonia volatilization over measurement period. It was found that application methods remarkably affected ammonia volatilization. With an application rate of 24 000 kg·hm^-2,N loss rate of top application was 19.8%, while it reduced to 3.3% if chicken manure was buried 5 -9 cm below the surface. The N loss rate through ammonia volatilization did not change much with different application rates. Compared to the application levels at 12 000 kg·hm^-2 and 8 000kg·hm^-2, ammonia N loss rate in chicken manure treatment of 24 000kg·hm^-2 was slightly reduced by 2.1% and 4.9%, respectively. Addition of sawdust had no restrain effect on ammonia volatilization：the N loss rate was 19.5% with sawdust （3% additive rate ）and 21.1% without sawdust. Calcium superphosphate can significantly reduce ammonia volatilization. When chicken manure was top-dressed with an application rate of 24 000 kg·hm^-2 and calcium superphosphate was added at 3%, N loss rate was 21.9%, which is significantly lower than that without calcium superphosphate （N loss rate 31.8%）.