粉煤灰和碳酸钙对As（Ⅲ）污染土壤上小麦产量性状及麦株As含量的影响

随着经济的发展，土壤As污染问题日益严重。采用露天盆栽试验方法，研究了在As（Ⅲ）污染土壤上，添加粉煤灰和碳酸钙对小麦成熟期产量及其性状、小麦根、茎叶和籽粒As含量的影响，并探讨了粉煤灰和碳酸钙对土壤As（Ⅲ）污染修复的有效方法。结果表明，在土壤中添加100g·kg^-1的粉煤灰或1．0g·kg^-1的碳酸钙能使小麦株高、结实小穗数、穗粒数、千粒重和产量增加。与对照相比，在As（Ⅲ）污染土壤上，100g·kg^-1的粉煤灰处理显著地增加了小麦产量（P〈0．05），极显著地降低了小麦籽粒As含量（P〈0．01）；1．0g·kg^-1的碳酸钙处理极显著地增加了小麦的穗粒数、千粒重和产量（P〈0．01），显著地降低了根中As含量（P〈0．05），极显著地降低了籽粒As含量（P〈0．01）。因此，在As（Ⅲ）污染土壤上，添加100g·kg^-1的粉煤灰或1．0g·kg^-1的碳酸钙能使小麦产量升高，籽粒As含量下降，有效地缓解As（Ⅲ）对小麦的毒害。

Effect of Coal Fly Ash and Calcium Carbonate on Yield Constituents and As Content of Wheat in As（ Ⅲ） Contaminated Soil

With the development of economy, contamination of As become more and more serious. Effects of coal fly ash （CFA） and calcium carbonate （CaCO3） on yield constituents and As content of root, stem, leaf and grain of wheat in As（ Ⅲ） contaminated soil were studied in pot experiments. Effective measures of remediation with coal fly ash and calcium carbonate in As（Ⅲ） contaminated soil were discussed deeply in this paper. The results showed that treatments of coal fly ash（ 100 g·kg^-1） or calcium carbonate（ 1.0 g·kg^-1） promoted height of wheat, bearing spikelets, grains per spike, 1 000 grains weight and yield. In As（ Ⅲ ） contaminated soil, compared to the control, yield was increased significantly（P〈0.05 ） and content of As of grain was decreased highly significantly（P〈0.01 ） with treatment of 100 g·kg^-1 coal fly ash; grains per spike, 1 000 grains weight and yield were increased highly significantly（P〈0.01 ）, content of As of root was decreased significantly（P〈 0.05 ） and content of As of grain was decreased highly significantly（P〈0.01 ） with treatment of 1.0g·kg^-1calcium carbonate. Therefore, adding 100 g·kg^-1 coal fly ash or 1.0g·kg^-1 calcium carbonate in As （Ⅲ） contaminated soil could effectively alleviate toxicity of As（Ⅲ ） to wheat such as improving wheat yield and reducing As content of wheat grain.