广东大宝山矿区尾矿库植被演替分析

对广东大宝山4个尾矿库环境特点和植物群落进行了调查和分析。结果表明，广东大宝山尾矿库区内植物种类总体上较为稀少，不同尾矿库区内植物群落组成差异比较大，其中禾本科植物种类较多，其次为菊科植物和豆科植物，表明这3个科的植物较其他科植物更容易适应尾矿库环境，特别是禾本科的五节芒（Miscanthusflondulus）、类芦（Neyraudiareynaudiana）和狗牙根（Cynodondactylon）表现出较强的适应能力。从样地1到样地4，物种多样性指数也依次增加，表现出由较少先锋物种种类组成的简单群落向稳定复杂群落方向演替的趋势，反映了植物群落结构随演替时间的延长越来越趋向复杂化。研究还表明物种多样性与有机质、有效磷、碱解氮含量显著正相关，与重金属含量（Cd、Cu和Zn）显著负相关，尾矿库区的高浓度Cd、Cu和Zn是影响植物群落物种多样性进一步恢复的主要限制因子。

Analysis of the Vegetation Succession of Tailing Wasteland of Dabaoshan Mine,Guangdong Province

The environmental characters and vegetation of four mine tailing wastelands of Dabaoshan Mine, Northern Guangdong, were investigated. According to the data derived from this on-the-spot investigation into the wastelands, the important value of the plant species, the index of diversity of the plant species as well as the evenness of the plant species were calculated. The findings showed that plant species of all tailing wastelands were fewer, very not abundant, and the composition between the plant communities of different tailing wasteland was relatively different. Among which Gramineae family was the most dominant while Asteraceae and Cyperaceae families were second dominant, especially the species like Miscanthus floridulus, Neyraudia reynaudiana and Cynodon dactylon of Gramineae were flourishing and more adaptable to the habitat of those tailing wastelands. The analysis of the findings indicated that the plant community structures of the four tailing wastelands were obviously different in succession sequence, and single species dominances were lessening from No. 1 to No.4 and species diversity indexes increasing from No.1 to No.4. This phenomenon demonstrated that the succession trends were from simple communities to complex and stable communities, and plant community structures became more complex with the vegetation succession going on. Species diversity index was significantly correlated with soil organic matter, N and P content, while negatively correlated with soil Cd, Cu and Zn content. Toxicity of available Cd, Cu and Zn in the tailing wasteland ecosystems was the major restriction of the vegetation restoration of tailing wastelands.