鸡粪与油菜秸秆高温堆肥中营养元素变化的研究

以鸡粪和油菜秸秆为原料,采用人工好氧翻堆方式进行高温堆肥试验,研究堆肥制作过程中养分的变化规律。结果表明,堆肥过程中pH值在堆肥前期上升而后期下降;氨态氮、硝态氮、总氮相对含量在堆肥前期下降,后期上升;有效磷在堆肥前期略上升而后期略下降;总钾量呈不断上升趋势;腐植酸总量随发酵时间延长而下降。鸡粪和油菜秸秆堆肥时间在30d左右为宜。

The Changes of Nutrition Elements During the Composting Chicken Manure and Rape Straw Under Higher Temperature

6.5×10^8 t livestock dejection and 17.3×10^8 t agricuhural straw are respectively producted per year in china.Their pollution are serrious to our circumstance.If these waster are converted to organic manure, it would be a cardinal wav for decreasing its pollution.The mixture of chicken manure and rape straw were composted using self-manusfacture produce microorganism for fermentation. The hurtless organic manure e.ould be produced.During the composting process, the different proportion of the chicken manure and rape straw were used, supplementing water up to 55% moisture content, adding 0.8% inoculation, then stirring up to homogenize. Finally, the compound were piled with the cover of flax texture for keeping temperature. At first third day, the artificial turning piles were carried out for supplementing fresh air. Afterwords, this step were likely done every two days. During fermentation, the pH value was increased at first period and decreased latter period. The NH4^＋-N ,NO3^--N and total N decreased at first period, but increased at latter period. Available P increased at first period and decreased at latter period, while total K increased continously. The total content of the humic acid decreased with prolongation of fermentation time. The bighter temperature over 50℃ were spontaneously kept about 13 days. In the piles, the quantity of E. coli flora and roundworm ovum were decreased below hurtless stanted. The sprout index of radish seed approached to more than 91.84% in the spired lest with organic manure production. It is about 30 d for appropriate cmnposting time when composting with chicken manure and rape straw.