酸性和中性水田土壤施用硅肥的效应研究 Ⅱ.对水稻吸收硅素及产量的影响

分别选取酸性和中性水田土壤进行盆栽试验,研究施用硅肥对水稻不同生育期硅素吸收状况及产量的影响,以期揭示施用硅肥提高不同类型土壤供硅能力、改善植株硅素营养及增加产量的作用机制。结果表明,从拔节期到抽穗期水稻植株体内硅的含量有较大幅度的降低,而后又逐渐升高。施用硅肥可明显提高水稻植株体内硅的含量,尤以高炉渣与葡萄糖配合施用和单施高炉渣两个处理效果最好,极显著高于对照及其他处理。在酸性水田土壤上施用硅肥的增产效果较为明显,高炉渣与葡萄糖配施处理的增产率高达16.99%,且成熟期水稻植株含硅量与稻谷产量间存在显著的直线正相关关系;在中性水田土壤上施硅则无显著增产效果。总之,高炉渣与葡萄糖配合施用能更有效地改善土壤的供硅能力,进而提高水稻产量,其在酸性水田土壤上的施用效果尤为显著。

Effect of Silicon Fertilizer in Acid and Neutral Paddy Field Soils II .Effect on Silicon Uptake and Yield of Rice

Pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of silicon fertilizer on silicon uptake during the growth stages of rice and yield of rice in acid and neutral paddy field soils in northern China to investigate the mechanisms of different types of silicon fertilizer on improving soil silicon supplying ability, plant silicon nutrition and rice yield. The results showed that silicon content in rice plants decreased greatly from jointing to heading stage, and then increased slowly. Silicon fertilizer could obviously improve the silicon content of rice plants. Silicon content in the treatments with blast furnace slag or mixture of blast furnace slag and glucose, was significantly higher than those in the control and other treatments. However the silicon content of rice plants was not increased in the treatment with sodium metasilicate in neutral paddy field soil. In the acidic paddy field soil, yield of rice increased obviously by applying silicon fertilizer. The mixture of blast furnace slag with glucose increased the yield by 16.99%.There was significant positive linear correlation between silicon content and rice yield. The rice yield was not increased with the application of silicon fertilizer in neutral paddy field soil. In conclusion, the fertilizer of mixture of blast furnace slag and glucose could improve silicon supplying capacity in the soil and increase the yield of flee, especially in acid paddy soil.