A note on the nutritional status of the rice plant in Italy,Portugal, and Spain

In the rice area around Velcelli, grain yields are reasonably high due to good management, and a situation similar to that of the “Akiochi” area in the western part of Japan is prevailing.

In coastal areas of Spain and Portugal, rice yields are frequently very high due to the abundance of solar radiation. In these areas, however, if soil management is inadequate, rice suffers from NaCl injury, zinc deficiency, iron toxicity, or boron toxicity due to the nature of the soils and the influence of brackish water.