种植密度和氮磷钾肥对药用菊花的产量及光合效率的影响

采用4因素5水平通用旋转组合设计,研究了种植密度和N、P、K肥4种栽培因子对药用亳菊的产量、单株开花数以及群体光合速率的主效应和互作效应。结果表明:N、K、P肥和种植密度对产量、净光合速率的影响均达到显著和极显著水平;N肥对单株开花数和单朵花重量达极显著正效应,K肥也有一定效应,其他因素效应微弱。影响亳菊产量的最主要因素是N肥,其次是密度。4种栽培因子对产量的影响顺序为:N密度KP;对净光合速率的影响顺序为:NK密度P。获得亳菊高产的适宜密度为:5.5～6.0万株/hm2,施肥剂量范围为:N339.5～384.7kg/hm2,P2O5161.2～195.7kg/hm2,K2O291.5～344.0kg/hm2,三者的合理配比为:N∶P2O5∶K2O=1∶0.51∶0.89。

Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and density on yield and photosynthetic efficiency of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat

Based on the universal rotary composition designing method of 4 factors and 5 levels, the effects of applications of nitrogen, phosphate, potassium and density on the yield and number of flowers and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of herb chrysanthemum were studied. The results indicated that N, K, P applications and the density affected the yield and Pn significantly. N positively affected significantly on No. of flowers per plant and the weight of single flower, and K also had a little affect, but other factors showed weak effects. In terms of effect on yield, the order was of N>density>K>P; while in terms of effect on Pn, the order was N >K>density>P. The reasonable yield can be obtained when the application rates of N, P2O5 and K2O ranged within 339.5 - 384.7 kg/hm2, 161.2 - 195.7 kg/hm2 and K2O 291.5 - 344.0 kg/hm2, respectively, while the density ranged within (5.5 ~ 6.0)×104 plants/hm2. The reasonable proportion of N, P2O5, K2O in formulated fertilization should be 1:0.51:0.89.