有机肥替代部分无机肥对华北农田土壤理化特性、酶活性及作物产量的影响

以华北平原农田土壤为研究对象，2012~2015年连续4年研究了有机肥替代部分无机肥对土壤中养分含量、土壤酶活性和作物产量的影响。结果表明：1)0.3M处理(70％无机肥＋3000 kg/hm2有机肥)和0.5 M处理(50％无机肥＋6000 kg/hm2有机肥)与NPK处理(单施无机肥)相比都提高了土壤中全氮、有效磷、速效钾含量，且0.5 M高于0.3 M，说明有机肥替代无机肥的比例越高，土壤中全氮、有效磷、速效钾含量就越高。2)土壤中脲酶活性大小顺序NPK>0.3 M>0.5 M>CK，蔗糖酶活性和过氧化氢酶活性为0.5 M>0.3 M>NPK，说明有机肥可以显著提高蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性。3)小麦4年累计产量0.3 M处理比NPK处理提高5.95％，0.5 M处理比NPK处理降低0.94％，；玉米4年累计产量则是0.3 M比NPK处理降低1.27％，0.5 M处理比NPK处理降低2.00％。综上所述，本研究表明，有机肥替代30％无机肥处理能够保证粮食产量，有机肥替代50％无机肥处理更能提高土壤肥力。

Impact of organic manure supplement chemical fertilizer partially on soil nutrition,enzyme activity and crop yield in the north China plain

In this article effects of different proportions of manure and chemical fertilizer on soil nutrition, enzyme activity and crop yield were studied in a four-year experiment. The results indicated that the treatments 0. 3M (70% chemical fertilizer +3 000 kg/hm2 manure) and 0. 5M (50% chemical fertilizer +6 000 kg/hm2 manure) had a higher level of total N, available P and available K than NPK treatment (only chemical fertilizer), and in 0. 5M treatment was higher than those of 0. 3M treat-ment (P<0. 05), which indicated that higher proportion of organic manure lead to higher soil nutrient. The order of soil ure-ase activity was NPK>0. 3 M>0. 5 M>CK. For soil invertase activity and catalase activity the order was 0. 5 M>0. 3 M>NPK. The total wheat yield of 0. 3M treatment was 5. 95% higher than that of NPK treatment, but that of 0. 5M treatment was 0. 94% lower than that of NPK treatment (P<0. 01). The total maize yield of 0. 3 M treatment was 1. 27% lower than that of NPK treatment, while that of 0. 5 M treatment was 2. 00% lower than that of NPK treatment (P<0. 05). These results con-firmed that manure supplement 30% chemical fertilizer had a high yield in a low chemical fertilizer level, manure supplement 50% chemical fertilizer effectively conserved soil fertility.