土壤活性有机质组分的光谱分析方法及应用

光谱分析方法是利用光谱学的原理和实验方法,来确定所测物质的结构及其化学组成和相对含量的方法。土壤活性有机质(labile organic matter,LOM)是生态系统管理措施早期且快速的敏感指标,对土壤质量的变化研究有重要意义。近年来,土壤LOM的含量变化逐渐成为土壤科学工作者研究的焦点。土壤LOM的组分有物理、化学、生物学和联合分组所分离出来的各种不同组分。土壤LOM组分的数量测定方法具有不确定性和难比较性,而应用光谱特性的质量变化的分析方法可以补充和验证数量变化的规律,由此获得准确、详实的结果。本文对利用现代分子技术进行有机质结构表征的紫外-可见光谱(UV-vis)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、三维荧光光谱(3DEEM)和固态核磁共振碳谱(¹³C-NMR)的光谱分析方法进行了详述,并对这些方法在LOM研究的应用进展进行了概述。提出应针对不同的研究目的,选择适合的光谱分析技术,推荐了每种土壤LOM组分所适用的光谱分析方法,为研究解析土壤LOM的数量和质量变化规律提供了技术参考。

Methods and Applications of Spectral Analysis for Soil Labile Organic Matter Components

Spectral analysis is a method that applies the principles of spectroscopy and experimental means to determine the structure, chemical composition, and relative content of the measured substance. Soil labile organic matter (LOM) is an early and rapid sensitive indicator to ecosystem management measures, which is of significance to the study of soil quality changes. The change of soil LOM content has been the research focus by soil scientists in recent years. The soil LOM has various components separated by physical, chemical, biological and combined grouping. The quantitative methods in determining soil LOM components have uncertainty and difficulty in comparison, in while the analytical approach of quality change by applying spectral analysis can complement and validate the rules of quantitative changes in obtaining accurate, detailed results. In this paper, the spectroscopic analysis methods for structural characterization of organic matter using modern molecular technologies including ultraviolet-visible spectrum (UV-vis), fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR), three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum (3DEEM) and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (13C-NMR) are described in detail. Their applications and advances in LOM research are summarized. It is proposed that appropriate spectral analysis techniques should be selected for different research purposes. Specific spectral analysis method suitable for each soil LOM component is recommended. The paper could provide a technical reference for examining the quantity and quality changes of soil LOM.