潍坊市土壤大量营养元素有效量及其影响因素

为研究山东省潍坊市土壤大量营养元素有效量分布规律及其影响因素，通过网格化采样，并进行分析测试，获得了碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾等土壤大量营养元素有效量，及对应元素全量、pH和有机质等数据，进行了丰缺空间绘图、相关性和差异性分析。结果表明：碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量均具有较强的空间变异性，尤以有效磷变异系数最高。空间分布上，碱解氮以较缺乏区占比最高，有效磷和速效钾以丰富区占比最高。碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾分别在砂姜黑土、潮土、滨海盐土中含量最高，且均与其他土壤类型差异显著。碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾与土壤理化指标关系密切，3种元素有效量均与有机质呈显著正相关；碱解氮与全氮、有效磷与全磷均呈显著正相关；碱解氮、有效磷与土壤pH均呈显著负相关；速效钾与土壤pH呈显著正相关。本研究揭示了大量营养元素有效量在土壤中的本底差异及影响因素，可为土壤肥力的空间调控提供科学依据，助力提升农业生产力水平。

Available Contents of Soil Macronutrients and Their Influencing Factors in Weifang

In order to study the distribution rule and influential factors of available contents of soil macronutrients in Weifang City, Shandong Province, the grid sampling and analysis test are carried out. The total and available contents of soil macronutrients such as N, P and K, as well as pH and organic matter were obtained. The spatial maps of abundance and deficiency was drawn, and the correlation and difference were analyzed. The results showed that the contents of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium had strong spatial variability, especially the coefficient of variation of available phosphorus was the highest. In terms of spatial distribution, the relatively lack area of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen had the highest proportion, and the rich area of available phosphorus and available potassium had the highest proportion. The content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen in Shajiang black soil was significantly higher. The content of available phosphorus in tidal soil was significantly higher. The content of available potassium in coastal saline soil was significantly higher. Alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were closely related to soil physical and chemical indexes. The available contents of three macronutrients were significantly positively correlated with organic matter, There were a significant positive correlation between alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and total nitrogen, as well as available phosphorus and total phosphorus, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus had a significant negative correlation with soil pH, and available potassium had a significant positive correlation with soil pH. The research results revealed the background difference and influencing factors of available contents of soil macronutrients, which can provide a scientific basis for the spatial regulation of soil fertility and help to improve the level of agricultural productivity.