蜀南竹海毛竹林土壤化学肥力质量及其评价

以四川宜宾蜀南竹海核心景区毛竹林土壤为研究对象,按照公里网格法布点,采集0~40 cm土层土样34个,测定速效钾、有机质、有效磷、p H、全氮、碱解氮、电导率7项土壤化学指标,应用地统计分析方法研究了土壤化学肥力质量。采用因子分析法对土壤化学肥力质量进行了评价。结果表明:研究区土壤速效钾和有效磷含量较低,尤其是有效磷极度缺乏;从变异系数上看,除p H为弱变异外,其余指标均为中等变异;除p H为中等空间相关外,其余指标均具有强烈的空间相关性;土壤化学肥力质量指标的空间变异范围为1 062.32~1 952.56 m;在划分的5个化学肥力等级中,Ⅰ、Ⅱ等占总面积的38%,Ⅳ、Ⅴ等所占面积较Ⅰ、Ⅱ等小,占总面积的31.94%;Ⅲ等以上占总面积的68.06%,土壤化学肥力质量总体处于中上水平。应科学开发和规划减少人为干扰,合理施用磷钾肥。

Soil Chemical Fertility Quality and Its Evaluation in A Moso Bamboo Forest of Shunan Bamboo-sea, Southwest China

We investigated and evaluated the soil chemical fertility in the moso bamboo forest of the core scenic area of Shunan Bamboo-sea, Yibin, southwest China. Using kilometer grid method and global position system, we collected 34 samples of the 0-40 cm soil layer in the investigated area in September, 2014, and tested 7 soil chemical indexes (rapidly available potassium (K), soil organic matter, available phosphorus (P), pH, total nitrogen (N), alkali-hydrolyzale N, conductivity). On the basis of geostatistical analysis, we also evaluated soil chemical fertility quality using factor analysis. The content of soil rapidly available K and available P were low in the study area, especially that of rapidly available K. From the view of variable coefficient, all the tested indexes had medium variation except for pH, which has a weak variation. The variation range of these indexes was 1062.32-1952.56 m. All the indexes had significant spatial correlations except for pH, which only had a medium spatial correlation. Among the designated five soil fertility levels, level I and II accounted for 38% of the total investigated area, and level IV and V for 31.94%. Levels above level III accounted for 68.96% of the total area, indicating that the soil chemical fertility quality is at a medium high level as a whole. The results of the study suggested that the soil chemical fertility quality in the investigated area is at a medium level as a whole, but 31.94% of the area still stays at a low level. The soil fertility in the moso bamboo forest needs to be improved. The results of this study are useful for the protection of the ecological environment and further tourism development and management of Shunan Bamboo-sea.