肥料运筹方式对冬油菜生长及产量的影响

以湘杂油763为供试材料，研究了不同肥料运筹方式对冬油菜产量和部分农艺性状的影响。结果表明：氮肥运筹方式对油菜生长的影响较大，以基肥:苗肥:薹肥 = 5:2:3处理的籽粒产量最高，其次是基肥:苗肥:薹肥 = 6:2:2处理，基肥:苗肥:薹肥 = 10:0:0处理的产量最低，其差异达到了显著水平，单株角果数、每角果粒数、绿叶数、茎粗、最大叶长和叶宽、叶片叶绿素含量等指标也有类似的变化趋势，而氮肥运筹方式对千粒重的影响不显著。磷肥和钾肥运筹方式对油菜生长的影响较小，在不同磷钾肥运筹方式下籽粒产量、产量构成因素、茎叶性状均没有显著差异。在本试验所设的8种处理中，以氮肥的基肥:苗肥:薹肥 = 5:2:3、磷肥和钾肥的基肥:苗肥:薹肥 = 10:0:0 处理和氮肥的基肥:苗肥:薹肥 = 5:2:3、磷肥的基肥:苗肥:薹肥 = 6:2:2、钾肥的基肥:苗肥:薹肥 = 10:0:0 处理的籽粒产量并列最高。

Effects of fertilizer application patterns on growth and seeds yield of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)

The effects of different fertilizer application patterns on seeds yield and agronomic properties were studied using Xiang Hybrid 763 plant materials. The results showed that the effects of nitrogen (N) application pattern on growth of oilseed rape were higher, seeds yield of the treatment proportion with basic fertilizer:seedling fertilizer:stem elongation fertilizer = 5:2:3 was the highest, followed by the treatment proportion of 6:2:2, the lowest seeds yield was 10:0:0 treatment, and the differences of seeds yield between these treatments were significant, there were similar trends of seeds/plant, grain number/seed, green leaf number, stem diameter, maximum leaf width and length, chlorophyll content between different treatments, while there was no significant effect of N application pattern on 1 000 grains weight. The effects of phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) fertilizer application patterns on growth of oilseed rape were less, there were no significant difference of seeds yield, yield composition and stem-leaf traits between different P and K fertilizer application patterns. The highest seeds yield among the 8 treatments were the treatment with N basic fertilizer:seedling fertilizer:elongation fertilizer = 5:2:3, P fertilizer and K basic fertilizer:seedling fertilizer:elongation fertilizer = 10:0:0, N basic fertilizer:seedling fertilizer:elongation fertilizer = 5:2:3, P basic fertilizer:seedling fertilizer:elongation fertilizer = 6:2:2 and K basic fertilizer:seedling fertilizer:elongation fertilizer = 10:0:0 respectively.