有机种植与常规种植体系的比较——基于土壤与肥料的视角

有机种植体系因其安全、绿色、可持续的特点在国内外得到了普遍关注,自其发展以来,关于有机与常规种植体系的比较屡见不鲜,但基于土壤与肥料视角的系统比较在国内还鲜见报道。土壤为植物提供了直接生活环境,从土壤与肥料的角度能全面地理解有机与常规种植体系的本质不同及影响。本文综合分析了前人的研究结果,从土壤与肥料的视角对有机和常规种植体系进行系统比较,初步阐述了两种种植体系下作物产量、品质、土壤肥力效应、环境效应的差异及产生差异的可能原因。分析发现在作物种植初期有机体系的产量大多低于常规体系,但增产潜力较大;相比常规种植体系,有机种植体系可改善土壤性质、提高土壤肥力,且一般有助于提高农产品品质;此外,有机种植体系对大气环境和水环境的污染风险低于常规种植体系。产生差异的原因可能是有机种植体系下,前期土壤氮素及速效养分释放较缓慢,且随着种植年限的增加,土壤固碳能力逐渐增强,土壤微生物多样性增加,土壤养分利用率提高。

Comparison of Organic and Conventional Farming Systems -- From Perspective of Soil and Fertilizer

Due to the safe, green, and sustainable features, organic farming systems have been received widespread concern in China and other countries. There were lots of the comparisons of organic and conventional farming systems, since the organic farming system developed, but systematic comparison based on the perspective of soil and fertilizer was very less. Soil provided the direct living environment for plant, so based on the perspective of soil and fertilizer can fully understand the nature and influence of organic and conventional farming systems. The previous research results were comprehensive analyzed about the comparison of organic and conventional farming systems based on the perspective of soil and fertilizer in this paper, and the difference and possible reasons of the crop yield, quality, soil fertility effects, environmental effects in the two farming systems were preliminary illustrated. The analysis shown that compared to the conventional farming system, the crop yield in organic farming system was lower at early stages, but it has great yield potential and organic farming system can improve soil properties and fertility, and generally improve crop quality, moreover, the pollution risks of atmospheric and water environment were lower in the organic farming system. The reasons for these differences may be the slowly release rate of the soil nitrogen and the available nutrient at the early stage of the organic farming system, and with the increasing of the planting years, the soil carbon sequestration capacity was gradually increased, soil microbial diversity was enhanced and soil nutrient utilization was improved.