贵州省开阳茶园土壤养分状况与肥力质量评价

为明确贵州省开阳县茶园土壤养分状况,为优质茶叶生产提供参考,对贵州省开阳县茶园土壤进行了调查,分析了158个土壤样品的养分含量及养分间的相关性,并采用主成分分析法和模糊数学隶属度函数模型,通过计算土壤肥力综合指标值(IFI)对土壤养分状况进行综合评价。结果表明:贵州省开阳茶园土壤p H偏酸,有机质、全氮和碱解氮含量较为丰富;但全磷、速效磷、全钾和速效钾含量缺乏所占比例较大,分别仅有16.46%、14.56%、20.89%和12.66%的土壤样品达到优质高产茶园标准。开阳茶园土壤IFI值平均为0.59,属于中等以上土壤肥力茶园所占的比例为61.40%,茶园土壤肥力质量总体水平属于良好,但土壤偏酸,速效磷和速效钾的含量相对偏低,应重点改酸和增施磷钾肥。

Soil Nutrient Status and Comprehensive Evaluation of Quality of Soil Fertility of Tea Garden in Kaiyang of Guizhou Province

In order to investigate nutrients in tea gardens of Kaiyang and to provide the theoretical basis for the production of tea with good quality and high yield, 158 soil samples were collected and analyzed the soil conditions including pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, total potassium and available potassium and the relationship between them was analysed. The methods of principal component analysis and membership function of fuzzy mathematics were used to estimate the status of soil fertility by means of estimating IFI. The results showed that pH value of tea gardens of Kaiyang was slightly acid. The contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen and available nitrogen were sufficient for tea growth. The contents of total phosphorus, total potassium, available phosphorus and potassium were low and only 16.46%, 14.56%, 20.89% and 12.66% of the samples could reach the soil nutrient levels with good quality and high yield tea garden soil standard. Soil intergrated fertility index (IFI) is 0.59. According to the value of IFI, tea garden with fertility at high and middle grade accounted for 61.40%. So the soil fertility quality of tea garden of Kaiyang belonged to middle level in general. It suggested that management of soil fertility should focus on increasing the content of phosphorus and potassium and improving the pH value.