晋陕蒙露天煤矿排土场不同新构土体土壤蒸发特征研究

为研究不同新构土体改良模式下的土壤蒸发特征,采用微型蒸发器田间自然条件下测定土壤水分蒸发过程,分析了不同土体重构模式的日蒸发量、累积蒸发量上差异。结果表明,相对于沙黄土,沙黄土、砒砂岩掺混(7︰3,w/w)的新构土体土壤蒸发降低了14.81%(P0.05),风化煤对沙黄土蒸发特征无明显影响,但显著提高了沙黄土、砒砂岩掺混的新构土体蒸发10.3%(P0.05),而砒砂岩防渗层和工业防水布等不同防渗措施土体之间蒸发差异不显著,但防渗层可以有效截留水分在蒸发过程中较长时间供给土体。试验表明砒砂岩、防渗层等措施下的新构土体土壤蒸发较小,并较长时间内保证土壤水分供给,在旱区矿区排土场具有一定的实践推广意义。

Characteristics of Evaporation of Different Reconstruction Soils in Mining Area’s Earth Disposal Sites of Shanxi-Shaanxi-Inner Monglia Adjacent Area

In order to study the evaporation of soil under different soil reconstruction conditions, the evaporation process of soil moisture was determined by micro-evaporator under natural conditions. The results showed that, compared to sandy loess, the sandy loess and soft sandstone (7︰3,w/w) doped with bulk soil significantly inhibited soil evaporation (P<0.05) by 14.81%, and weathered coal mixed with bulk soil had no significant effect on evaporation characteristics of the sandy loess, but significantly increased soil water evaporation of the bulk soil that mixed with sandy loess and soft sandstone by 10.3% (P<0.05). Soil evaporation were not significant among soft sandstone impervious layer, industrial waterproof and other anti-seepage measures. Overall, impervious layer can effectively intercept precipitation and accumulation of soil moisture, and soft sandstone reduce soil evaporation, also increase soil water content. In addition the new structure of bulk soil with respect to the sandy loess has better moisture storage capacity, which has a certain practical significance in mining area’s earth disposal sites under arid and semi-arid climate conditions.