烟蒜轮作与套作对土壤微生物类群数量的影响

采取田间试验方式,以单作烤烟为对照,研究了不同年度和烤烟生育时期烟蒜轮作、烟蒜套作对根际和非根际土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌、解钾菌和解磷菌数量变化的影响。结果表明:随生育时期推进,烟蒜轮作和烟蒜套作处理根际土壤细菌含量高于单作烤烟的趋势越来越明显。2014年,上部叶成熟期烟蒜轮作、烟蒜套作根际土壤细菌数量是单作烤烟的1.41倍和1.24倍。中部叶成熟期和上部叶成熟期,烟蒜轮作处理根际土壤真菌数量最少,但2014年烟蒜轮作和烟蒜套作处理下非根际土壤真菌数量高于单作烤烟处理。烟蒜轮作、烟蒜套作处理根际土壤放线菌数量高于单作烤烟,上部叶成熟期分别是单作烤烟2.01倍和2.93倍(2013年)、1.12倍和1.28倍(2014年)。烟蒜轮作、烟蒜套作处理根际土壤解钾菌和解磷菌含量在烤烟生长发育的中后期显著高于单作烤烟,且非根际土壤的解磷菌含量也呈现相同的趋势。不同年度,烟蒜轮作与烟蒜套作处理烟叶产量和上中等烟率均显著高于单作烤烟处理。烟蒜轮作和烟蒜套作种植模式能改良土壤根际环境微生物结构,维持良好的土壤质量状态。

Effects of Tobacco Garlic Crop Rotation and Tobacco Garlic Crop Intercropping on Soil Microbial Groups in Tobacco Fields

Comparative tobacco monoculture, field experiment was conducted to examine the effects tobacco garlic crop rotation and tobacco garlic crop intercropping on the number of bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, potassiumSbacteria and phosphate solubilizingSbacteria at different mature stage in different years. The results show that the number of bacteria in tobacco rhizosphere with the tobacco garlic crop rotation and intercropping treatment were higher than that of tobacco monoculture along with the growth period. The number of bacteria in tobacco rhizosphere with the tobacco garlic crop rotation and intercropping treatment were 1.41 times and 1.24 times than that of tobacco monoculture in 2014. Lowest fungi content was found in rhizosphere soil with the tobacco garlic crop rotation treatment at mature stage of middle leaf and upper leaf. But the number of fungi in non-rhizosphere soil with the tobacco garlic crop rotation and intercropping treatment were higher than that of tobacco monoculture. The number of actinomycetes in rhizosphere soil with the tobacco garlic crop rotation and intercropping treatment were 2.01 times and 2.93 times(in 2013), 1.12 times and 1.28 times(in 2014) than that of tobacco monoculture treatment. The number of potassiumSbacteria and phosphate solubilizingSbacteria in tobacco rhizosphere with the tobacco garlic crop rotation and intercropping treatment were significantly higher than that of tobacco monoculture at at medium-late stage. And the number of potassiumSbacteria and phosphate solubilizingSbacteria in non-rhizosphere soil were showed the same trend. The system of tobacco garlic crop rotation and intercropping can improve the microbial structure in the soil rhizosphere environment, and hold up the soil quality.