控释氮肥与尿素配施对单季稻产量及氮素利用率的影响

为探讨控释氮肥与尿素配合一次性基施对水稻产量及其氮肥利用效率的影响效应，通过田间小区试验研究了不同比例控释氮肥(CRNF)与尿素(UR)配施对水稻干物质积累、产量构成，以及氮肥表观、农学和生理利用率等的影响。结果表明：配施10%~80% CRNF较常规施氮(T1)处理，分别提高水稻籽粒干物质量和产量3.7%~13.9%和1.4%~13.4%；较全量施用CRNF(T6)处理，提高水稻籽粒干物质和产量6.3%~16.7%、2.8%~16.6%。一次性基施40%CRNF +60%UR(T4)较一次性基施全量CRNF显著提高水稻籽粒吸氮量24.2%，差异显著(P<0.05)，氮肥表观利用率、农学利用率、生理利用率及氮肥偏生产力也处于较高水平。在本试验条件下，一次性基施40%CRNF +60%UR既提高了水稻产量和氮肥利用率，又减少了劳动投入，可在实际生产中推广应用。

Effects of Combined Application of Controlled-release Nitrogen Fertilizer and Urea on Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency

TakingF you 498 rice variety as test material, a field experiment was carried out to study the effects of different ratios of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer (CRNF) combined with urea (UR) on rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield, and nitrogen use efficiency. The results showed that, compared with the treatment of UR (T1), the treatments of combined with controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer (T2 – T6) increased the rice dry matter and yield for 3.7% – 13.9% and 1.4% – 13.4%, respectively. The dry matter and grain yield with combined treatments (T2 – T5) were 6.3% – 16.7% and 2.8% – 16.6% higher than CRNF only (T6). The nitrogen uptake of grain with 40% CRNF +60% UR was 24.2% higher than that of CRNF only, and the difference reached significant level (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the nitrogen apparent utilization efficiency (NAUE), nitrogen agronomic utilization (NAE), nitrogen physiological efficiency (NPE), nitrogen partial factor productivity (NPFP) were also in higher levels with the treatment of 40% CRNF +60% UR. Under experimental condition, 40% CRNF + 60% UR was the optimal treatment for high yield and nitrogen efficiency in rice, and could be popularized to practice.