复合改良剂对盐碱土改良及植物生长的影响

为探寻更加高效的复合型改良剂，本研究通过田间试验，对土壤理化性质和植物生长指标进行分析，探讨了脱硫石膏、黄腐酸钾和稻壳三种物料不同配比施用对盐碱土理化性质及植物生长状况的影响，筛选出最佳复合物料添加比例，旨在为盐碱地改良与合理利用提供参考依据。结果表明：与对照组相比，不同处理下0-20和20-40 cm土壤pH均有显著降低，分别降低了4.2%~9.6%和4.5%~9.4%。0-20 cm土层的土壤盐分含量也显著降低，土壤中〖HCO〗_3^-、〖Cl〗^-、〖Na〗^+含量分别降低了6.1~39.4%、18%~43.1%和6.2%~33.2%，其中稻壳、黄腐酸钾和脱硫石膏配比为5-1.2-9 t/hm2和15-0.4-9 t/hm2时对〖HCO〗_3^-、〖Cl〗^-、〖Na〗^+降低效果最为明显。复合改良剂均能提高土壤有机质、碱解氮和有效磷含量与景天植株生物量。与对照组相比，有机质增加了3%~46%、碱解氮增加了16.1%~111.8%、有效磷增加了59.5%~154.8%和景天生物量增加了7.1%~47.6%。效应综合评价的主成分分析结果表明，稻壳、黄腐酸钾和脱硫石膏配比为5-1.2-9 t/hm2时是滨海盐碱土壤最适宜的生物化学复合改良剂组分。

Effects of Combined Amendment on Improvement of Salinized Soil and Plant Growth

In order to find a more efficient compound amendment, this study analyzed soil physiochemical properties and plant growth indicators by a field experiment and investigated the effects of mixed amendments of desulfurized gypsum, potassium fulvate and rice husk. The results showed that compared to CK, soil pH in 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm were reduced significantly, by 3.4%-9.0% and 4.1%-8.5%. After applying composite modifier, soil salt contents decreased, and the concentrations of HCO₃^-, Cl^- and Na⁺ were decreased by 6.1%-39.4%, 18.0%-34.1% and 2.7%-33.6%, respectively. Among them, when the ratio of rice husk, potassium fulvic acid and desulfurized gypsum was 5:1.2:9 t/hm² and15:0.4:9 t/hm², the reduction effects of HCO₃^-, Cl^- and Na⁺ were most obvious. Compared with CK, the contents of soil organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and the yield of plant were increased by 3.0%-45.8%, 16.1%-111.8%, 59.5%-154.8% and 7.1%-47.6%, respectively. Principal component analysis of evaluation on comprehensive effect proved that the optimal ratio of rice husk, potassium fulvic acid and desulfurized gypsum is 5:1.2:9 t/hm² for biochemical compound modifiers on coastal saline-alkali soil.