微生物影响稻田土壤中砷转化研究进展

稻田砷污染是一个全球性环境问题。稻米是以大米为主食的人群砷暴露的主要途径，稻米砷含量超标，会对动物和人体健康造成威胁。微生物是影响砷环境生物化学行为的重要角色，在植物-土壤-微生物系统的砷循环中发挥着重要作用。了解微生物对砷在土壤-水稻系统中的生物化学循环的影响，能够为稻田砷污染的有效治理提供理论基础。本文综述了砷氧化微生物、砷还原微生物以及砷甲基化微生物分别对砷氧化、还原和甲基化过程的影响（直接作用），并总结了微生物通过间接影响铁、硫的环境生物化学循环，进而影响稻田-水稻系统中砷的赋存形态及其转化与迁移的过程。最后，本文归纳了砷污染农田微生物修复技术的相关研究进展，并提出了研究展望。

Advances in Transformation of Arsenic in Paddy Fields Mediated by Microorganisms

Arsenic pollution in rice fields is a global environmental problem. The arsenic content in rice exceeds the safe limit, which may pose a threat to animal and human health. Therefore, the problem of arsenic contamination in rice fields urgently needs to be solved. Microorganisms play an important role both in mediating arsenic metabolism and arsenic cycle of plant-soil-microbial systems. Thus, understanding the influence effects of microorganisms on the biochemical cycle of arsenic in soil-rice system can provide a theoretical basis for the effective treatment control of arsenic pollution in rice fields. The effects of arsenite-oxidizing bacteria, arsenite-reducing bacteria and arsenite-methylating bacteria on arsenic oxidation, reduction and methylation processes are reviewed. Meanwhile, this article summarized the process by which microorganisms indirectly affected the environmental biochemical cycle of iron and sulfur, thereby influencing the occurrence of arsenic in the paddy-rice system and its transformation and migration. Finally, this paper generalized the related research progress of microbial remediation technology of arsenic contaminated soil, and put forward the prospect of future research direction.