不同基质生物有机肥防控番茄土传青枯病及促生效果研究

本文旨在研究功能菌株解淀粉芽孢杆菌配合不同原料的有机肥，制备不同生物有机肥对番茄防控土传青枯病以及促生的效果研究，并考察不同生物有机肥对土壤养分及根际细菌群落的影响，获得能够有效防控番茄青枯病的生物有机肥。本研究以解淀粉芽孢杆菌T-5为功能菌株，分别配合秸秆有机肥及鸡粪有机肥，经二次发酵分别制得秸秆生物有机肥（BIO1）和鸡粪生物有机肥（BIO2）。于江苏省南京市一处青枯病多发的番茄大棚进行试验。考察不同施肥处理下番茄的发病情况、生长情况以及土壤理化性质，并利用高通量测序探究根际细菌群落的变化。两种生物有机肥均能显著降低番茄土传青枯病的发病率，且BIO1处理的防控效果最佳，使发病率降低了94.45%。两种生物有机肥均能显著促进番茄生长，增加了番茄地上部的生物量并提高了产量，但对于番茄果实品质并无显著提升。此外，施用BIO1可显著增加土壤有机质含量，BIO2则显著提高了土壤pH。土壤有机质与番茄的发病率呈负相关，与番茄地上部生物量和产量呈显著正相关关系。基于高通量测序结果，发现生物有机肥可显著提高根际细菌多样性，同时改变了细菌群落结构。防控效果最好的BIO1处理中，变形菌门相对丰度最高，放线菌门相对丰度最低，土壤硝态氮和pH与这两个门水平的细菌类群具有显著相关性。以解淀粉芽孢杆菌为功能菌株、秸秆为原料制备的秸秆生物有机肥可有效防控番茄土传青枯病，效果优于鸡粪生物有机肥。该生物有机肥还可显著促进番茄生长及产量提升，并通过调控根际细菌群落中变形菌门和放线菌门的相对丰度，提高土壤抑病能力，减少土传青枯病的发生。

Effects of Different Bioorganic Fertilizers on Tomato Bacterial Wilt and Plant Growth Promotion

This article aimed to study the functional strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens combined with organic fertilizers of different raw materials, prepare different bio-organic fertilizers on the prevention and control of soil-borne bacterial wilt and promote the growth of tomato, and investigate the effects of different bio-organic fertilizers on soil nutrients and rhizosphere bacteria influenced by the community, obtain bio-organic fertilizer that can effectively prevent and control tomato bacterial wilt. In this study, using Bacillus amyloliquefaciens T-5 as a functional strain, combined with straw organic fertilizer and chicken manure organic fertilizer, the straw bio-organic fertilizer (BIO1) and chicken manure bio-organic fertilizer (BIO2) were prepared through secondary fermentation. The experiment was conducted in a tomato greenhouse where bacterial wilt is common in Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province. Investigate the incidence, growth, and soil physical and chemical properties of tomatoes under different fertilization treatments, and use high-throughput sequencing to explore the changes in the rhizosphere bacterial community. Both bio-organic fertilizers significantly reduced the incidence of tomato soil-borne bacterial wilt, and the BIO1 treatment had the best prevention and control effect, reducing the incidence by 94.45%. Both bio-organic fertilizers significantly promoted the growth of tomato, increased the biomass of the above ground of the tomato and increased the yield, but it did not significantly improve the quality of the tomato fruit. In addition, the application of BIO1 significantly increased the soil organic matter content, while BIO2 significantly increased the soil pH. Soil organic matter was negatively correlated with tomato disease rate, and had a significant positive correlation with tomato aboveground biomass and yield. Based on the results of high-throughput sequencing, it was found that bio-organic fertilizer significantly increased the bacterial diversity of the rhizosphere and at the same time change the bacterial community structure. In the BIO1 treatment with the best control effect, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was the highest, and the relative abundance of Actinomycota was the lowest. Soil nitrate nitrogen and pH had a significant impact on bacterial communities at the two levels. The straw bio-organic fertilizer prepared with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens as the functional strain and straw as the raw material effectively prevented and controlled tomato soil-borne bacterial wilt, and the effect was better than chicken manure bio-organic fertilizer. The bio-organic fertilizer also significantly promoted the growth and yield of tomatoes, and by regulating the relative abundance of the Proteobacteria and Actinomycetes in the rhizosphere bacterial community, it improved soil disease suppression and reduce the occurrence of soil-borne bacterial wilt.