蚯蚓堆肥用作苹果育苗基质的应用研究

本研究采用穴盘栽培的方式,以不同比例的蚯蚓堆肥替代草炭调配育苗基质配方,用于苹果的育苗效果研究,通过比较苹果苗生长状况,以为蚯蚓堆肥在果树育苗上的应用提供参考。试验设置4个处理,包括传统草炭基质处理(对照)、蚯蚓堆肥25%、50%、100%替代草炭基质处理,对苹果苗的株高、茎粗、叶片光合色素含量、壮苗指数、根系形态和根系活力指标进行测定和分析。结果发现:与对照相比,蚯蚓堆肥不同比例替代草炭(25%、50%、100%)均能够增加苹果苗的地上生物量,以全替代(100%)的效果最为显著,全替代处理下苹果苗的存活率提高了15%,根系长度、根表面积、根体积、根尖数、根干重和根系活力分别增加了23.40%、47.61%、5.88%、38.57%、20.17%、228.75%。因此,蚯蚓堆肥可以全替代草炭用作苹果苗的育苗基质,且不仅能够降低成本,还可以促进农业废弃物的循环转化,降低环境风险。

Vermicompost Compost Replacing Peat in Apple Seedlings

In this study, a plug experiment was carried out to study the effects of different portions of vermicompost to substitute peat on apple seedling growth in order to provide a theoretical reference for the application of vermicompost in plug seedling production, especially in horticultural. The designed treatments include: traditional cultural substrate composed with peat (CK), a quarter of peat replaced by vermicompost (T1), a half of peat replaced by vermicompost (T2), and peat totally replaced by vermicompost (T3). Plant height, stem diameter, leaf photosynthetic pigment content, strong seedling index, root morphology and activity of apple seedlings were measured and compared. The results showed that compared with CK, different ratios of vermicompost could significantly promote above-ground biomass of apple seedlings; survival rate of apple seedlings was increased by 15% under T3, reached the maximum; root length, surface area, volume, number, dry weight and activity were increased by 23.40%, 47.61%, 5.88%, 38.57%, 20.17% and 228.75%, respectively. Thereby, vermicompost could fully replace peat and be used as nursery substrates of apple seedlings. The application of vermicompost can not only reduce the cost, but also promote the cycle and transformation of agricultural wastes and reduce the environmental risks.