不同种植模式下农田耕层土壤肥力现状比较——以皖南宣州区为例

选择宣城市宣州区20个烟稻轮作田块、20个单季稻田块、22个中药材田块、20个双季稻田块、20个稻油轮作田块和20个稻麦轮作田块,测定分析耕层土壤(0~20 cm)的pH,有机质、有效磷和速效钾含量,计算土壤综合肥力指数(IFI),旨在通过比较提出有益于提升土壤肥力的种植模式和施肥建议。结果表明:(1)烟稻轮作土壤pH最高,中药材土壤显著低于其他种植模式;双季稻土壤有机质含量最高,中药材土壤显著低于其他种植模式;中药材土壤有效磷含量显著高于其他种植模式,单季稻土壤显著低于其他种植模式;中药材和双季稻土壤速效钾含量显著高于稻油轮作土壤;各田块IFI指数为双季稻(0.880)烟稻轮作(0.821)单季稻(0.817)稻麦轮作(0.760)中药材(0.693)稻油轮作(0.645)。(2)综合分析比较土壤各指标、IFI值和净收益后,推荐双季稻和烟稻轮作种植模式。(3)稻麦轮作、单季稻和稻油轮作应注意增施磷钾肥和有机肥;但45%的烟稻轮作田块应注意改酸,15%和45%田块应增施有机肥和钾肥,10%和60%田块应削减有机肥和磷钾肥。

Current Topsoil Fertility of Farmlandsunder Different Rotation Patterns- a Case Study of Xuanzhou District of South Anhui

In this study, 20 tobacco-rice fields, 20 single cropping rice fields, 22 Chinese medicinal materials fields, 20 double cropping rice fields, 20 rice-rape fields and 20 rice-wheat were selected in September 2018. The pH, soil organic matter (SOM), available phosphorus (AP) and Rapid available potassium (RAK) of plough soil (0-20 cm) were analyzed. Based on these four indicators, calculated the soil integrated fertility index (IFI).The purpose is to compare the planting patterns and fertilization recommendations that are suitable for improving soil fertility. The results showed as follows: 1)The pH of tobacco rice is the highest, and the Chinese medicinal materials are significantly lower than other planting modes;; the SOM is the highest in the double cropping rice, and the Chinese medicinal materials is significantly lower than other patterns; in the aspect of AP is Chinese medicinal materials significantly higher than the other, Single cropping rice is significantly lower than all other patterns; the RAK is the Chinese medicinal materials and double croping rice patterns are significantly higher than the rice-rape patterns; IFI from high to low is double-crop rice(0.880)> tobacco-rice rotation(0.821)> single-crop rice(0.817)> rice-wheat rotation(0.760)> Chinese medicinal materials(0.693)> rice-rape rotation(0.645). 2) After comprehensive analysis and comparison of various soil indicators, IFI values, and net income, the double-crop rice and tobacco rice models are recommended. 3) In fertilization, the rice-wheat, single cropping rice and rice-rape should pay attention to increasing the application of phosphorus, potassium and organic fertilizer appropriately; in tobacco-rice rotation farmland, 45% of the fields should continue to apply alkaline materials to change acid, and 15% and 45% fields should be added with organic and potassium fertilizers, 10% and 60%% field should reduce organic fertilizer and phosphate and potassium fertilizer, and 15% and 45% fields should be added with organic and potassium fertilizers, 10% and 60%% field should reduce organic fertilizer and phosphate and potassium fertilizer.