紫云英与有机物料连续还田在黄泥田水稻稳产提质增效中的作用

为明确紫云英与不同有机物料还田在黄泥田改土培肥与水稻化肥减量增效中的作用，基于连续11a定位试验，研究了不施肥(T₀,CK)、单施化肥(T₁)、仅翻压紫云英(T₂)、紫云英与水稻秸秆联合还田(T₃)、紫云英与牛粪配施还田(T₄)，以及紫云英与水稻秸秆联合还田+40%化肥(T₅)处理对水稻产量、籽粒营养品质及稻田肥力的影响。结果表明，与CK相比，各施肥处理籽粒历年平均产量增幅11.4%～21.0%，秸秆平均产量增幅17.1%～40.2%，差异均显著；其中以T5提升尤为明显，其籽粒产量与秸秆产量较T1分别提高3.4%和6.6%；有效穗是产量差异的重要性状因子。各施肥处理成熟期植株地上部氮、磷、钾吸收量较CK分别增幅14.3%～30.6%、8.9%～32.7%、2.9%～47.2%，其中氮、磷吸收量以T₄最高，钾吸收量以T₅最高。与CK相比，第10年施肥处理籽粒氨基酸总量增幅11.5%～20.6%，必需氨基酸增幅11....

Effects of Continuous Return of Milk Vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.) and Organic Materials on Stable Yield, Improved Quality and Efficiency in Yellow-mud Paddy Field

Yellow-paddy field is a kind of middle-low yield paddy field widely distributed in southern rice areas such as Fujian.To evaluate the effects of milk vetch and different organic material application on soil amelioration and chemical fertilizer decrement, a 11-year fertilization experiment was started in 2009 in red paddy fields in Fuzhou City, Fujian Province. Six fertilization treatments included T0 (control, without fertilization), T1 (chemical fertilizer), T2 (milk vetch alone), T3 (milk vetch combining straw), T4 (milk vetch combining cow dung), and T5 (milk vetch combining straw plus 40% chemical fertilizer). The effects of different fertilization regimes on the soil nutrients, rice yield, nutritional quality and soil fertility were investigated. Results indicated that rice grain and straw yields in fertilization treatments were significantly increased by 11.4%~21.0% and 17.1%~40.2%, respectively, compared to CK, especially for the T5 treatment. Rice grain and straw yields in the T5 treatment were significantly increased by 3.4% and 6.6%, respectively, in comparison with those in the T1 treatment. Effective panicle was an important character factor responsible for yield variation. In addition, fertilization treatments increased N, P and K uptake by 14.3%~30.6%, 8.9%~32.7%, and 2.9%~47.2% in rice aboveground plants at mature stage compared to CK, respectively. The highest absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus was found in T4 treatment, and the highest absorption of potassium was observed in T5 treatment. Total and essential amino acid contents of grain in fertilization treatments in the tenth year were increased by 11.5%~20.6% and 11.1%~19.8%, respectively, in comparison with CK treatment. Furthermore, essential and total amino acid contents in the T5 treatment were significantly increased by 5.7% and 6.5%, respectively, compared to T1 treatment. Meanwhile, soil fertility was improved by applying different organic matters in a paddy field, especially for the T5 treatment. In comparison with T1 treatment, soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) concentration in the T5 treatment at the peak of tillering stage was significantly increased by 15.2%, soil microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN) with 42.3%. Additionally, soil organic matter and total nitrogen contents at mature stage in organic treatments were increased by 9.7%~16.7% and 10.9%~14.8% compared with T1, respectively, and T5 with the highest increment. In addition, the available potassium contents in T4 and T5 treatments were significantly higher than that in T1 treatment. Correlation analysis revealed that the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available potassium, SMBC and SMBN were significantly and positively correlated with rice yield, total and essential amino acid contents, respectively. In conclusion, these findings indicated that continuous return of milk vetch and organic materials might ameliorate soil properties, increase nutrient uptake and improve rice yield. For 11 consecutive years, the combination of Chinese milk vetch and straw or cow dung could replace chemical fertilizer application in yellow-mud paddy field. T5 treatment was the best fertilization regime in increasing yield and improving soil fertility and amino acid quality of grain. Soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available potassium, SMBC and SMBD were important fertility factors which affected rice yield and amino acid of grain.