连作障碍发生机理研究进展

随着集约化种植程度的不断提高,作物连作导致产量和品质下降,土传病害严重发生,严重制约了现代农业的可持续发展,连作障碍发生机理一直是国内外学者研究的热点之一。近年来,国内外学者从多方面、多角度对连作障碍进行了研究,但这些研究多集中于单一因素分析,缺乏对不同因子内在相互关系和本质的了解,未能深入揭示连作障碍发生的真正原因。深入认识连作障碍的成因及各要素间的互作关系是防控作物土传病原微生物生长、缓解连作障碍、实现农药使用量零增长的基础。本文从土壤理化性状及生物学性状恶化、植物生理抗性下降和连作自毒作用等方面系统综述了连作障碍发生机理,分析了连作障碍因素间的相互关系并对该领域未来的研究方向进行了展望,以期为寻找安全、环保和有效的缓解措施提供理论依据。

Advance in Mechanism of Continuous Cropping Obstacle

With the constant improvement of the intensive cultivation’s degree, continuous cropping results in decrease of crop production and quality as well as soil-borne diseaseswhich seriously restrict modern agricultural sustainable development. The mechanism of continuous cropping obstacle (CCO) has been one of hot spots at home and abroad. In recent years,a lot of work have been done from many aspects on CCO. However, most efforts are focused on the effect of a single factor while few attentions are paid to the internal interactions and essence of the various factors, which hinder the deep reveal of the real reasons for the occurrence of CCO. The further understandings of the causes of CCO and the interaction relationship between various factors are the basis to control the soil-borne diseases caused by soil-borne pathogens, to alleviate CCO and to realize the zero increase target of pesticide consumption by 2020 in China. This paper reviewed systematically the mechanisms of continuous cropping from the deterioration of soil physiochemical and biological properties, the decrease of plant physiological resistance, self-toxicity of continuous cropping, and the relationship between various factors. The further studies in this filed were also suggested to looking for the theory evidence of mitigation strategies in a safe, environmental and effective way.