河南省土壤及地形与耕地多样性格局的特征

耕地分布受众多自然因素的影响,土壤、地形与之密切相关。选取河南省作为研究区,利用改进的仙农熵测度法和互熵关联分析法对河南省地形、土壤与耕地多样性格局特征进行分析。结果表明:河南省18个地市的地形、土壤的构成组分多样性与各要素的类别丰富度有关,与面积大小呈弱相关;其中地形、土壤与其丰富度值的相关系数分别为0.79和0.35,而与面积大小的相关系数小于0.1。基于土壤空间分布多样性指数大小的分级划分河南省的优势土类是潮土和褐土,劣势土类是盐土和碱土,且不同地市的土壤空间分布多样性格局有显著差异,显示河南省土壤类型的丰富性。土壤及地形要素与耕地多样性格局的相关性表现为:地形与耕地的空间分布多样性相关关系除豫南的盆地和豫西丘陵、山地外,整体为平原丘陵山地;土壤与耕地的空间分布多样性之间的关联度与河南省土壤空间分布多样性的格局特征具有基本一致性。

Diversity Characteristics and Correlation Among Soil, Terrain and Arable Land in Henan Province

The distribution of the arable land is basically influenced by many natural factors among which soil and terrain play fundamental roles. In order to explore the relationship among the arable land, soil and terrain, Henan Province was selected as the research area by using the modified Shannon entropy measure and mutual entropy correlation analysis method to analyze the characteristics and relevance of the diversity patterns of soil, terrain and the arable land of Henan Province. The results showed that the diversity of terrain and soil composition of 18 cities in Henan Province is highly related to the richness number of the corresponding element, but irrelevant to the size of its area. The correlation coefficients of terrain, soil and number of the related element categories were 0.79 and 0.35 respectively, but the correlation coefficient with area was less than 0.1. In addition, the correlation coefficient between terrain spatial diversity and area of Henan Province reaches as high to 0.8. According to the classification of soil spatial distribution diversity index (Y_h), the dominant soils in Henan Province are Chao soil ( Hapli Aquic Cambosol) and Cinnamon soil ( Hapli Ustic Argosol) while the inferior soils are Saline soil ( Salty Aquic Cambosol) and Alkaline soil ( Natric Aquic Cambosol). And the spatial distribution pattern of soil diversity in different cities has significant differences, reflecting the richness of the soils in Henan Province. The correlation among soil, terrain and arable land is as follows: the correlation order between topography and spatial distribution of the arable land is plain > hilly > mountain, except for the basin in the south of Henan and the hills and mountains in the west of Henan. And that between the spatial distribution of soil and the arable land is basically consistent with the spatial distribution pattern of soil in Henan Province.