有机种植对温室土壤肥力质量的影响

利用中国农业大学曲周实验站温室有机种植长期定位试验,研究了不同种植模式下3种土壤物理指标、9种土壤化学指标和4种土壤生物指标,并运用主成分分析方法,对不同种植模式下土壤肥力质量进行综合评分。结果表明:①相比于无公害和常规种植,有机种植有利于降低温室土壤容重,提高温室土壤含水量,温室土壤水稳性大团聚体高达58.02%,改善了温室土壤物理环境条件;②有机种植提高了温室土壤有机质及氮、磷、钾养分含量,对温室土壤pH和EC值影响不大,但增加了温室土壤阳离子交换量,有利于提高温室土壤的保水保肥能力;③相比于无公害和常规种植,有机种植土壤微生物碳含量分别提高了32.84%、109.30%,同时增强了温室土壤脲酶、磷酸酶及过氧化氢酶活性,有利于温室土壤微生物多样性提高;④通过对16个土壤肥力质量指标进行主成分分析,3个主成分累计贡献率达91.052%,主成分综合评分能更敏感反映土壤质量变化,本试验中有机种植、无公害种植和常规种植的主成分综合评分分别为1.514、0.099和–1.613,表明有机种植显著提高了温室土壤的肥力质量。

Effect of Organic Planting on Soil Fertility Quality in Greenhouse

Based on the long-term location experiment of organic planting in Quzhou Experimental Station of China Agricultural University, 3 soil physical indexes, 9 soil chemical indexes and 4 soil biological indexes were selected to evaluate soil fertility quality in organic planting(ORG), low-input planting(LOW) and conventional planting (CON) by principal component analysis. The results showed that: 1)ORG reduced soil bulk density and increased water content compared with LOW and CON. Under ORG, soil water stable macroaggregates increased to 58.02%. To sum up, ORG can improve physical environment of greenhouse soil. 2)ORG increased the content of soil organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Soil pH and EC values differed little under different planting patterns. However, ORG increasedsoil cation exchange content, beneficial to improve water and fertility holding ability. 3)Compared with LOW and CON, soil microbial biomass carbon content in ORG increased by 32.84% and 109.30%, respectively. At the same time, the activities of urease, phosphatase and catalase under ORG were higher than thoseunder LOW and CON, beneficial to the improvement of soil microbial diversity. 4)Through principal component analysis of 16 soil fertility quality indexes, the cumulative contribution rate of 3 principal components was 91.052%. The main component score was more sensitive to the change of soil quality. In this experiment, the main component score of ORG, LOW and CON were 1.514, 0.099 and -1.613, respectively, which indicated organic planting significantly improved the fertility quality of greenhouse soil.