钾肥运筹对小麦氮素和钾素吸收利用及产量和品质的影响

采用盆栽试验研究了不同K肥运筹方式对小麦N、K吸收及产量和品质的影响。结果表明：施K促进了小麦对N、K素的转运和吸收累积，显著提高了小麦籽粒的产量、蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量和沉降值，但过量施K却降低了小麦对N、K素的转运和K的利用效率以及籽粒产量，以中量K肥全部基施处理获得最高产量和较好的品质指标。K肥分次施用比一次性基施能够显著提高成熟期小麦植株K含量，N、K累积量和K的利用效率，促进小麦籽粒品质的改善。以中量K肥3次施用处理的品质指标最高，但显著降低了籽粒产量。综合考虑产量和品质效应，以中量K肥分2次施用处理为最佳K肥运筹方式。

Effects of potassium fertilizer operation on the uptake and utilization of nitrogen and potassium, yield and quality of wheat

Pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of K fertilizer operation on the absorption and utilization of nitrogen and potassium,yield and quality of wheat.The results indicated that K application promoted the translocation and accumulation of N and K.Moreover,K fertilization increased the grain yield,the contents of protein and wet gluten and sedimentation.But excessive-fertilization decreased N and K translocation,K use efficiency and grain yield.Medium rate of K with basal application achieved the maximum yield and better quality indexes.Compared to basal application,applying potassium fertilizer at different stages could enhance K content,N and K accumulation of wheat at maturity as well as K use efficiency significantly.It also improved significantly the grain quality.The quality indexes of grain amounted to maximum at the treatment of medium rate of K with applying at three stages,but the grain yield decreased significantly.Taking effects of yield and quality into consideration together,the optimum potassium operation was the treatment of medium rate of K with applying at two stages.