噬菌体对土壤碳氮元素循环转化影响的研究进展

噬菌体是土壤中广泛定殖、数量繁多、严格依赖宿主存活的一类微小生物体,它具有溶原或裂解生命周期,在侵染宿主菌的过程中,不仅可以裂解细菌,还会导致基因转移,显著调控宿主菌数量、物种组成及功能,进而影响土壤元素的生物地球化学循环过程。因而,近年来噬菌体对土壤关键营养元素循环转化的影响机制研究逐渐成为新的学术热点。本文从噬菌体对土壤碳、氮元素循环转化的下行调控和上行调控角度,综述了噬菌体对土壤碳、氮元素循环转化的规律和机制,总结了制约噬菌体调控土壤碳氮循环作用强度的环境因素,指出了当前的研究难点,并对未来研究方向进行了展望。本综述可为阐释噬菌体影响土壤碳氮循环转化机制的研究提供科学参考。

Advances in Effects of Bacteriophages on Transformation of Carbon and Nitrogen in Soil

As the widely distributed and abundant living entities in soil, bacteriophages'' existence strictly depends on their host bacteria. Through lysogenic and lytic cycles, bacteriophages not only directly result in the bacterial lysis, but also lead to the horizontal gene transfer between bacteria, which further regulate the abundance, composition and functioning of bacterial community, as well as the biogeochemical cycling of soil nutrient elements. Therefore, the role of bacteriophages on the biogeochemical cycling of nutrient elements and the underlying mechanisms have been the emerging hot topics. This paper reviewed the recent progresses in the impact of bacteriophages on carbon and nitrogen transformation in soil from the perspectives of top-down and bottom-up regulation. Moreover, the environmental factors that limit the effects of bacteriophages on soil carbon and nitrogen transformation were also discussed. Meanwhile, the future prospect concerning bacteriophages research in soil environment was also proposed, which could provide a scientific reference for elucidating the mechanism of bacteriophages'' effect on carbon and nitrogen cycling in soil.