机械起垄侧条施肥对大白菜产量和氨挥发的影响

通过两年田间试验,探究大白菜机械起垄侧条施肥合适的垄宽,并进一步研究在最适垄宽下该技术对大白菜产量、经济效益和氨挥发损失的影响。第一年试验设置4个处理:机械宽垄侧条施肥习惯施氮量处理(N480+MW)、机械宽垄侧条施肥减氮30%处理(N340+MW)、机械窄垄侧条施肥减氮30%处理(N340+MN)、人工宽垄习惯施氮量处理(N480+HW),第二年选用55 cm宽垄设置4个处理:人工起垄不施化肥氮处理(N0+HW)、人工起垄习惯施氮量处理(N480+HW)、人工起垄减氮30%处理(N340+HW)和机械起垄侧条施肥减氮30%处理(N340+MW)。研究结果表明:55cm宽垄比30cm窄垄种植可以提高大白菜产量15.4%～17.8%,在55 cm宽垄种植模式下机械起垄侧条施肥技术可以在减肥30%基础上获得最高生物产量、商品产量和净经济效益,分别为78.5 t/hm~2、43.2t/hm~2和30959元/hm~2。与N480+HW、N340+HW和N0+HW处理相比,N340+MW处理生物产量分别增加8.8%、15.2%和58.3%,商品产量分别增加7.4%、16.4%和50.1%。与N480+HW相比,N340+MW和N340+HW处理的净收益分别增加了40.8%和1.3%。N340+MW处理大白菜生长季累积氨挥发损失为30.0 kg/hm2,与N340+HW和N480+HW处理相比显著降低51.1%和70.5%。综合研究表明,机械起垄侧条施肥技术可以实现大白菜种植的减施增效,提高蔬菜生产的经济效益。

Effects of Mechanical Ridging and Lateral and Band Fertilization on Yield and Ammonia Volatilization in Chinese Cabbage Production

The consecutive two years field experiments were carried out to study the effects of mechanical lateral and band fertilization on the yield and ammonia volatilization. There were four treatments- no synthetic N fertilizer (N0+HW), traditional synthetic N rate at 480N kg/hm2 (N480+HW), 30% of 480N kg/hm2 (N340+HW), and 30% of 480 kg/hm2 with mechanical lateral and band fertilization (N340+MW). The results showed that the highest yield of 78.5t/hm2, commercial yields of 43.20t/hm2 and net profit of 30959 yuan/hm2 were in the N340+MW treatment. Compared with N480+HW, N340+HW and N0+HW treatments, the N340+MW treatment increased the yield by 8.8%, 15.2% and 58.3% respectively, and commercial yields increased by 7.4%, 16.4% and 50.1% respectively. Compared with the treatment of N480+HW, the net economic profit of N340+MW and N340+HW were increased by 40.8% and 1.3%, respectively. The ammonia volatilization was 30.0 kg/hm2 in N340+MW treatment, compared with N340+HW and N480+HW treatments, which significantly decreased the ammonia volatilization by 51.1% and 74.5%. Therefore, the mechanized lateral and band fertilization technology can significant reducing N fertilizer input and improve yield, which achieved a balance between economic and environmental benefits in Chinese cabbage production.