黄土高原苹果园土壤和叶片养分状况分析——以陕西省黄陵县为例

为了解黄土高原苹果园肥力状况,在大量调查研究的基础上,结合GIS采集苹果主产区黄陵县的304个苹果园的土壤和叶片样品,测定分析土壤有机质、全氮、速效氮、p H、速效磷、速效钾、CEC及有效铁、锰、铜、锌的含量和叶片全氮、全磷、全钾及微量元素的含量,并根据土壤和叶片相应的评价标准对其进行丰缺评价。结果表明:该地区土壤有机质含量很低,72%的果园未达到绿色食品土壤肥力指标的正常值含量;土壤和叶片氮含量较低,磷和钾含量较高,其需肥顺序为氮钾磷;该地区微量元素含量较低,在以后的生产中需多施微肥。通过对土壤养分进行相关性分析,得知土壤有机质含量的提升有利于土壤中大量元素的有效养分增加。从土壤和叶片养分间的相关性分析得知,仅土壤钾和叶片钾呈负相关,而其余元素全部呈正相关,由此得出通过提升土壤中某元素的含量可以使得叶片中相应元素含量相应增加,而元素钾无此效应。

Analysis of soil and leaves nutrient status in apple orchard in the Loess Plateau-A case study of Huangling Country,Shaanxi Province

In order to acquaint the apple orchard soil fertility in Loess Plateau,chosed the Huangling country which is one of the high yield areas as a representative example, collected the soil and leaf samples in 304 apple orchards combined GIS based on the massive investigation and study, detected and analyzed soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,pH,available phosphorus,available potassium,CEC,effective trace element and the total nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,copper,zinc,iron and manganese in leaves, evaluated the apple orchard fertility is abundance or missing according to the corresponding evaluated standards with the soil and leaf nutrient contents. Results showed that soil organic matter content is very low in the region,there are about 72% of all apple orchards has not reached the normal content of green orchard soil fertility index; soil and leaves nitrogen content is low,phosphorus and potassium contents are high,and the order which the soil fertilizer required is N> K