生物有机肥配施化肥对设施土壤养分含量及团聚体分布的影响

本研究以番茄–黄瓜轮作下的设施土壤为研究对象,共设4个处理（1/2化肥氮+1/2生物有机肥氮,COF;全部施用生物有机肥氮,OF;全部施用化肥氮,CF;不施肥处理,CK）,探讨生物有机肥配施化肥对设施土壤养分含量及团聚体分布和稳定性的影响。研究结果表明,相较于单施化肥处理,施用生物有机肥均提高了土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷、全钾、有效磷、速效钾养分含量和土壤pH,分别提高了9.61%~54.28%、7.38%~35.45%、31.86%~98.53%、40.88%~96.40%、3.02%~15.99%、0.96%~18.23%和0.73%~7.03%;单施生物有机肥或与化肥配施均可使土壤大团聚体（>0.25 mm）比例上升,微团聚体（<0.25 mm）比例下降,显著提高了土壤团聚体平均重量直径（MWD）、几何平均直径（GMD）和>0.25 mm团聚体含量（R_0.25）（P<0.05）,且土壤团聚体稳定性随着施入生物有机肥年限的增加而增加;相关分析表明,MWD、GMD和R_0.25均与>2 mm和0.25~2 mm团聚体质量分数呈显著正相关（P<0.05）,与<0.053 mm团聚体组成呈极显著负相关（P<0.01）,与0.053~0.25 mm团聚体组成呈显著负相关（P<0.05）。生物有机肥替代化肥更有利于提高土壤养分含量、大团聚体的数量及团聚体的稳定性。

Effect of Bio-organic Fertilizer Combined with Chemical Fertilizer on Nutrient Contents and Soil Aggregate Distribution in Greenhouse Soil

In this study, the greenhouse soils under tomato-cucumber rotation with four treatments (1/2 chemical fertilizer N+1/2 bio-organic fertilizer N, COF; all bio-organic fertilizer N, OF; all chemical fertilizer N, CF; no fertilizer treatment, CK) were taken as the research objects to explore the effect of bio-organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer on nutrient content, aggregate distribution and stability of greenhouse soil. The results showed that compared with CF, the application of bio-organic fertilizer increased soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, available phosphorus, available potassium contents and soil pH by 9.61%-54.28%, 7.38%-35.45%, 31.86%-98.53%, 40.88%-96.40%, 3.02%-15.99%, 0.96%-18.23% and 0.73%-7.03%, respectively. The application of bio-organic fertilizer alone or in combination with chemical fertilizer increased the proportion of soil macroaggregate (>0.25 mm) while decreased the proportion of soil microaggregate (<0.25 mm), significantly increased (P<0.05) the mean mass diameter (MWD), geometric mean diameter (GMD) and aggregate content>0.25 mm (R_0.25) of soil aggregates, and the stability of soil aggregates was increased with the year increase of application of bio-organic fertilizer. MWD, GMD and R_0.25 were significantly positively correlated with the mass fractions of aggregates >2 mm and 0.25-2 mm (P<0.01), while negatively correlated with that of aggregates <0.053 mm (P<0.01) and 0.053-0.25 mm (P<0.05). In conclusion, bio-organic fertilizer is more beneficial to improve soil nutrient contents, the number of large aggregates and the stability of aggregates than chemical fertilizer.