糖醇螯合钙肥对马铃薯产量、品质及养分吸收的影响

采用恒温水浴加热的方法合成糖醇螯合钙(自制钙肥),与美国布兰特公司生产的糖醇螯合钙(市售钙肥)同时进行马铃薯大田喷施试验,研究糖醇钙对马铃薯产量、品质和钙素吸收、迁移转化的影响。研究结果表明:①与不施钙肥(喷施等量清水)相比,自制钙肥与市售钙肥处理分别增产10.9%和12.1%,大薯率分别提高5.4%和3.7%,两种钙肥处理均降低了中、小薯率;自制钙肥与市售钙肥处理块茎硝态氮含量分别下降28.8%和31.6%,自制钙肥处理马铃薯的可溶性蛋白的含量和氮素积累量分别增加7.2%和20.9%,市售糖醇钙处理马铃薯的可溶性蛋白含量和氮素积累量均降低3.2%。②钙肥处理均提高了马铃薯各器官的钙素含量,在出苗后80 d,自制钙肥与市售钙肥处理的马铃薯根中钙含量分别增加8.0%和9.0%,茎中钙含量分别增加10.1%和6.8%,叶片中钙含量分别增加1.8%和6.8%,块茎中钙含量分别增加26.7%和20.0%。③施用钙肥均提高了马铃薯各器官与全株的钙素累积量,自制钙肥与市售钙肥处理的马铃薯根中钙素累积量均提高20.0%,茎中钙素积累量分别提升97.1%和55.7%,叶片中钙素积累量分别提升56.5%和45.8%,块茎中钙素积累量分别提高56.3%和50.0%,全株钙素积累量整体提高62.1%和47.0%。自制钙肥处理的马铃薯根、茎、块茎和全株的钙素累积量均显著高于市售钙肥。综上,在同等钙浓度下,两种钙肥均促进了马铃薯产量提升,与市售钙肥相比自制螯合钙肥更利于钙素的吸收和迁移。

Effects of Sugar Alcohol Chelated Calcium Fertilizer on Yield, Quality and Nutrient Uptake of Potato

In this paper, sugar alcohol chelated calcium (SACC) was synthesized by the method of heating in constant temperature water bath, and then conducted a field spraying experiment with our SACC and SACC by Brandt Company of USA (marketed SACC) to study their effects on the yield and quality of potatoes, and the absorption, migration and transformation of calcium. The results showed that compared with no application of calcium fertilizer (spraying equal amount of clear water), our and marketed SACCs increased potato yield by 10.9% and 12.1% respectively; increased the rate of big potatoes by 5.4% and 3.7% respectively, indicating SACC reduced the proportion of medium and small potatoes; decreased nitrate nitrogen contents in potato tubers by 28.8% and 31.6% respectively. Our SACC increased soluble protein content and nitrogen accumulation in potatoes by 7.2% and 20.9% respectively, while marketed SACC decreased them both by 3.2%. Besides, both our and marketed SACCs increased calcium contents in potato organs, at harvest, calcium contents were increased by 8.0% and 9.0% in roots, 10.1% and 6.8% in stems, 1.8% and 6.8% in leaves, 26.7% and 20.0% in tubers, respectively. In addition, both our and marketed SACCs increased calcium accumulation in potato organs and whole plant, both increased by 20.0% in roots, 97.1% and 55.7% in stems, 56.5% and 45.8% in leaves, 56.3% and 50.0% in tubers, 62.1% and 47.0% in whole plants. Calcium accumulations in various organs and whole plant treated by our SACC were all significantly higher than those treated with marketed one. In conclusion, both SACCs can promote potato yield, but ours were more conductive to the absorption and migration of calcium than marketed.