蒸散的测定和模拟计算研究进展

蒸散是地表水分循环重要而复杂的过程。本文综述了近年来国内外蒸散测定和模拟的最新进展。在测定方法上,TDR、微蒸渗仪和涡度相关技术的使用明显增加及遥感技术的应用大大加强,自动化和传感器制造技术的进步,提高了蒸散测定的精度和时空分辨率。在模拟计算方面,应用Prierstley-Taylor公式、Penman公式、Penman-Monteith方程等单一模型较多,但研究上已转向以Shuttleworth-Wallace模型为基础可估算不同植被类型和下垫面蒸散的多层模型。遥感估算区域蒸散进展明显,已提出了多种遥感估算模式。互补相关模型也在估算区域蒸散上得到重视和应用。

MEASUREMENT AND ESTIMATION OF EVAPOTRANSPIRATION

Evapotranspiration is an important and complicated part of the hydrological cycle, of which accurate measurement and computation is needed for an adequate management of agricultural water resources. In this paper, latest advances in methods for measuring and estimating actual ET at a plot and regional scale. In the past decade, the techniques of TDR, Micro-Lysimeter and Eddy covariance at plot scale and remote sensing technique for estimating regional ET have been more and more widely used. With the development of automation and sensor manufacturing techniques, ET measurement has been greatly improved in accuracy. In calculating actual ET, simple ET models, such as Priestley-Taylor model, Penman model and Penman-Monteith model, are more often employed. But in research, workers have put more and more attention to Shuttleworth-Wallace-model-based multi-layer models, which can be used to simulate ET of canopies and substrates of different types. Great progress has been made in remote sensing estimation of regional ET with several regional ET estimating approaches developed. CRAE models as an important method to estimate regional ET has found more and more recognition and application.