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不同利用方式下亚热带花岗岩流域元素收支平衡 及其对土壤酸化的影响
引用本文:黄来明,邵明安,贾小旭,杨金玲,张甘霖.不同利用方式下亚热带花岗岩流域元素收支平衡 及其对土壤酸化的影响[J].土壤,2017,49(3):592-600.
作者姓名:黄来明  邵明安  贾小旭  杨金玲  张甘霖
作者单位:1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟院重点实验室,北京 100101;土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所),南京 210008;中国科学院大学,北京 100049;2. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟院重点实验室,北京 100101;中国科学院大学,北京 100049;3. 土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所),南京 210008;中国科学院大学,北京 100049
基金项目:国家自然科学基金国际合作与交流项目 (41571130051) 和中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室开放基金项目(Y20160003)资助。
摘    要:选取亚热带花岗岩区不同利用方式下的3个相邻小流域(F:100%森林;FA1:82%森林+18%农田;FA2:76%森林+24%农田),通过定期监测与分析雨水和径流水的元素组成,获得了流域尺度元素的降水输入与径流输出特征,在此基础上分析了元素收支平衡及其对土壤酸化的影响。结果表明:雨水中离子输入总量为181.74 kg/(hm~2·a),夏季输入量约占全年输入量的45%,Ca~(2+)、Na~+和NH_4~+约占阳离子输入总量的80%,SO_4~(2–)和NO_3~–约占阴离子输入总量的74%。F、FA1和FA2流域径流水中离子输出总量分别为236.81,153.17和243.36 kg/(hm~2·a),夏季输出量约占全年输出量的39%~47%,Ca~(2+)和Na~+约占阳离子输出总量的81%~86%,SO_4~(2–)和NO_3~–约占阴离子输出总量的65%~70%。降水和径流水的元素收支平衡表明,F、FA1和FA2流域中SO_4~(2–)、NO_3~–、Cl~–、NH_4~+和H~+均表现为净输入,其中SO_4~(2–)的净滞留量最高,分别为13.7、30.43和20.49 kg/(hm~2·a);而Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)和Na~+均表现为净输出,其中Na~+的净输出量最高,分别为28.99、14.96和31.76 kg/(hm~2·a)。F、FA1和FA2流域内酸雨直接输入的H~+为818 mol/(hm~2·a),而流域内氮素转化产生的H~+分别为396、389和401 mol/(hm~2·a),占H~+输入总量的32%~33%。F、FA1和FA2流域的土壤酸化速率分别为996、1 069和1 035 mol/(hm~2·a),表明即使不考虑农业施肥的情况下农林复合流域(FA1和FA2)的土壤酸化速率仍高于森林流域(F)。

关 键 词:流域  酸沉降  收支平衡  季节变化  土壤酸化速率
收稿时间:2016/5/22 0:00:00
修稿时间:2016/6/21 0:00:00

Element Budgets and Their Impacts on Soil Acidification in Granitic Watersheds Under Different Land Uses in Subtropical China
HUANG Laiming,SHAO Mingan,JIA Xiaoxu,YANG Jinling and ZHANG Ganlin.Element Budgets and Their Impacts on Soil Acidification in Granitic Watersheds Under Different Land Uses in Subtropical China[J].Soils,2017,49(3):592-600.
Authors:HUANG Laiming  SHAO Mingan  JIA Xiaoxu  YANG Jinling and ZHANG Ganlin
Institution:Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Abstract:The regional element budgets are primarily important to understand the function of ecosystems and to establish the corresponding management practices. This study takes three adjacent small watersheds (F: 100% forest, FA1: 82% forest + 18% farmland and FA2: 76% forest + 24% farmland) with different land uses as the monitoring areas, which are located in the granitic region of subtropical China. Element inputs in rain water and outputs in stream water were detected and quantified from March of 2007 to February of 2010. The characteristics of element budgets at watershed scale and their effects on soil acidification were discussed. The results showed that the total ion input in the rain water was 181.74 kg/(hm2·a), with the summer input accounting for 45%. Ca2+, Na+ and NH4+ contributed 80% to the total cation input, while SO2– 4and NO– 3contributed 74% to the total anion input, respectively. The total ion outputs in stream water of the three watersheds (F, FA1 and FA2) were respectively 236.81, 153.17 and 243.36 kg/(hm2·a), with summer output accounting for 39%-47%. Ca2+ and Na+ contributed 81%-86%, to the total cation output, while SO2– 4and NO– 3contributed 65%-70% to the total anion output. The element budgets of the three watersheds (F, FA1 and FA2) based on precipitation input and stream output demonstrated that there was a net sink of SO2– 4, NO– 3, Cl–, H+ and NH4+, while a net source of Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+. SO2– 4 showed the highest net retention, while Na+ showed the highest net export. The net retention of SO2– 4in the three watersheds (F, FA1 and FA2) were 13.7, 30.43 and 20.49 kg/(hm2·a), respectively, while the net exports of Na+ in the three watersheds (F, FA1 and FA2) were 28.99, 14.96 and 31.76 kg/(hm2·a), respectively. H+ input directly from acid rain was 818 mol/(hm2·a), while H+ production from nitrogen transformation in the three watersheds were 396, 389 and 401 mol/(hm2·a), accounting for 32%-33% of the total H+ input, respectively. Soil acidification rates in the three watersheds (F, FA1 and FA2) were 996, 1069 and 1035 mol/(hm2·a), respectively, showing that the rates of soil acidification in watersheds (FA1 and FA2) with agricultural activities were higher than that of forest watershed (F), even though the element inputs from agricultural fertilization was not taken into account.
Keywords:Watershed  Acid deposition  Input-output budget  Seasonal variation  Soil acidification rate
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