不同施肥措施对植烟土壤酶活性和供肥能力的影响

通过田间小区试验，在等氮、磷、钾施用的条件下，研究不同施肥措施（不施肥、单施无机肥、牛粪与无机肥配施、施用有机无机复合肥）对提高烤烟生育期内植烟土壤酶活性和供肥能力的影响。结果表明，除牛粪配施化肥会降低土壤过氧化氢酶活性外，各施肥处理较不施肥处理均能增加烤烟生育期的土壤酶活性和供肥能力。施用有机无机复合肥效果最好，不仅能提高土壤酶活性和供肥能力，其脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、速效氮、速效磷变化规律与烤烟需肥规律相符；施化肥对土壤酶活性和供肥能力的提高主要表现在烤烟生育期的前期，而牛粪配施化肥对各项指标的提高作用出现在后期。相关分析表明，土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶活性可以反映土壤养分含量的变化，可作为评价土壤供肥能力的生物指标。

Effect of different fertilization measures on soil enzyme activities and soil nutrition supplying abilities of flue-cured tobacco field

By using field cell test method, under the condition of applying the same amounts of fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, this paper studied the effects of different kinds of fertilization treatments (no fertilization, chemical fertilizer, cattle manure + chemical fertilizer, organic and inorganic compound fertilizer) on dynamic changes of soil enzyme activities and soil nutrition supplying abilities during tobacco growing season. The results showed that fertilization significantly increased the soil enzyme activities and soil nutrition supplying abilities during the tobacco growing season except for using cattle manure which decreased hydrogen peroxidase activity. The effects of fertilizing organic and inorganic compound fertilizer was the best, which not only improved soil enzyme activities and nutrition supplying abilities, but also made the changes of urease, acid phosphatase, available nitrogen and available phosphorus of soil consistent with the fertilizer need of flue-cured tobacco; using chemical fertilizer can increase the enzyme activities and soil nutrient supplying abilities in the early stage while the effect of cattle manure + chemical fertilizer appeared in the later stage. Correlation analysis showed that urease and acid phosphatase activities could reflect the changes of soil nutrient contents, thus can be used as biological indicators of soil nutrition supplying ability.