施用生物质炭对大棚土壤特性、黄瓜品质和 根结线虫病的影响

选择长期种植黄瓜并发生根结线虫病的大棚,设计生物质炭施用量为0(C0)、24(C1)、48(C2)t/hm~2的田间试验,研究生物质炭对黄瓜生长、品质以及根结线虫病的影响。结果表明:生物质炭显著提高了土壤有机质、全氮、铵态氮、速效钾含量和pH,同时降低土壤体积质量11.0%以上,C2处理黄瓜根系生物量较C0显著增加了56.9%。与C0相比,C2处理显著增加黄瓜可溶性糖和有机酸含量25.0%和17.6%,C1处理显著降低黄瓜硝酸盐含量25.5%。C2处理黄瓜根系单株卵块数比C0增加了3.8倍。施用生物质炭对黄瓜产量没有显著影响。研究结果说明,蔬菜大棚土壤中施用生物质炭可改善土壤理化性状,提高黄瓜品质,但有增加根系卵块数的趋势。由于生物质炭与土壤、作物的相互作用会随时间的变化而改变,因此,生物质炭对大棚黄瓜品质和根结线虫病的影响效应需进一步长期观测。

Effects of Biochar on Soil Properties, Cucumber Quality and Root-knot Nematode Disease in Plastic Greenhouse

Biochar production from pyrolysis of crop straw and amendment in croplands had been of great concern in the world. In order to explore the effect of biochar on the quality and the root-knot nematode of cucumber, we conducted an experiment in a plastic greenhouse, where root-knot nematode was serious after long-term of cucumber planting. A field experiment was conducted with three level of biochar amendment: C0 (no biochar, CK), C1 (24t/hm2), C2 (48t/hm2). The results indicated that: Biochar addition significantly increased soil organic matter, total N, NH4+, available K and pH, and soil bulk density was decreased by more than 11.0% with biochar amendment. C2 treatment enhanced cucumber root biomass by 56.9% compared to C0. C2 treatment increased cucumber soluble sugar and organic acid content by 25.0% and 17.6%, respectively, and C1 treatment decreased the nitrate content by 25.5%, compared to C0. C2 treatment increased egg masses by 3.8 times than C0. while Biochar amendment had no significant effect on cucumber yield. This research indicated that biochar amendment could improve soil properties, enhance cucumber quality, while increase the egg masses on cucumber root . As the interaction of biochar-soil-crop system is changing over time, long-term observation is necessary in the future research.