施用生物质炭对黄淮海地区玉米生长和土壤性质的影响

本文通过大田试验研究了施用生物质炭对玉米的生长性状、产量以及土壤性质的影响。生物质炭是小麦秸秆在350℃~450℃下限氧热裂解制成。田间设置了20 t/hm2和40 t/hm2两个生物质炭施用水平。结果表明:①施用生物质炭在玉米拔节期抑制了植株生长,其株高、地上部生物量和叶片叶绿素含量均显著低于对照;在生育后期施用生物质炭20 t/hm2处理的玉米生物量、叶面积指数和叶绿素含量显著高于对照,40 t/hm2处理则没有显著性差异。②施用生物质炭显著影响土壤特性,在施用量为20 t/hm2和40 t/hm2时,土壤有机碳含量较对照分别提高34.79%和44.93%,土壤全氮含量在40 t/hm2水平下显著增加12.2%,同时还显著提高了土壤的pH和土壤含水量,显著降低土壤体积质量;③施用生物质炭玉米产量的提高范围为2.2%~4.8%,但不同施用量间差异不显著。本研究结果为生物质炭改良和培肥土壤、提高作物生产效率、促进土壤可持续利用及作物增产提供了一定的理论依据。

Effects of Biochar Amendment on Maize Growth and Soil Properties in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain

This paper investigated and analyzed the effects of biochar on maize plant growth, yield and soil properties in field experiment, with the biochar addition at the rates of 0, 20 t/hm2 and 40 t/hm2. The results showed that, compared with the control (no biochar used), biochar amendment with 20 t/hm2 and 40 t/hm2 biochar inhibited the maize growth at the beginning growth, showed in lower plant height, less biomass and leaf chlorophyll content. With biochar addition at the rates of 20 t/hm2, the maize plant maintained higher biomass, leaf area index and chlorophyll content in the late growth stage, but no significantly difference with 40 t/hm2. With the biochar addition at the rates of 20 and 40 t/hm2, soil organic carbon were increased by 34.79% and 44.93%, soil total nitrogen increased by 4.88% and 12.20%, respectively. Biochar amendments significantly increased soil pH and soil volumetric water content, but decreased soil bulk density. Compared with conventional treatment, the maize yield were increased by 4.80% and 2.20%, with the biochar addition at the rates of 20 t/hm2 and 40 t/hm2, but no significantly difference with control. The results above provided a theoretical basis for biochar on improving soil fertility and enriching the efficiency of crop production in the Huang-huai-hai Plain.