溪洛渡库区典型坡面水土流失试验研究

选择水土流失严重的金沙江下游青冈坪地区,通过在典型工程区布设标准径流小区,研究了溪洛渡库区典型坡面水土流失与影响因子之间的关系。结果表明:在同样降雨条件下,荒草地产流最大,4次降雨平均产流10 244 cm3,其余地类按产流大小排序依次为坡耕地>疏林地>裸地;坡耕地产沙量最大,产沙均值为14.85 g,其余地类按产沙量大小排序依次为荒草地>裸地>疏林地;各地类产流产沙按含沙量大小排序依次为坡耕地>荒草地>裸地>疏林地。梯田具有很好的保持水土的效果,在观测期内其径流小区未产流产沙;坡耕地是坡面侵蚀产沙最为严重的地类,是研究区内水土流失治理的重点对象。

Test on Soil and Water Loss of Typical Slopes in Xiluodu Reservoir Area

The paper studies the relationship between soil and water loss of typical slop and affecting factors in Xiluodu Reservoir area through selecting Qinggangping area on the lower Jinsha River where soil and water loss is serious and building runoff plots in typical project areas.The outcomes show that under the same condition of rainfall,the runoff yield of waste grassland is the biggest and the mean runoff yield of 4 events of rainfall is 10 244 cm3.The sequence of other types is as follows: sloped farmland > open forest land > bared land;the sediment production of sloped farmland is the biggest with the average value of 14.85 g and the sequence of sediment production of other types is waste grassland > bared land > open forest land.The sequence of runoff yield and sediment production based on sediment concentration of each type of land is sloped farmland > waste grassland > bared land > open forest land.Terrace have very good effect in soil and water conservation and there is no runoff yield and sediment production in its runoff plots during observation period.The surface erosion and sediment production of the sloped farmland are the most severe and the sloped farmland is the key object for control soil and water loss in the studied area.