2011—2019年宁夏土壤侵蚀动态变化及分布特征

宁夏是黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展的先行区,掌握其土壤侵蚀动态变化对于黄河流域的生态修复具有重要意义。本研究根据宁夏水土保持公报数据,对2019年宁夏土壤侵蚀强度、面积和空间分布进行分析,并与2011年的侵蚀状况进行对比,获得宁夏土壤侵蚀的动态变化特征。结果表明:①2019年宁夏回族自治区的土壤侵蚀总面积为15888.51 km2,占全区土地总面积的23.93%,与2011年相比,侵蚀面积共减少了19.02%。②中卫市的土壤侵蚀面积较大,且侵蚀强度较高;与2011年相比,各市的土壤侵蚀总面积都有不同程度的减少,且侵蚀强度总体都有所下降。③土壤侵蚀主要集中分布在Ⅲ丘陵台地干旱草原风水蚀交错区和Ⅶ黄土丘陵沟壑水风蚀交错区。④不同土地利用类型下的土壤侵蚀面积和强度有一定差异,建设用地和交通运输用地的侵蚀强度较大。

Dynamic Change and Distribution Characteristics of Soil Erosion in Ningxia from 2011 to 2019

Ningxia is the leading area of ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River basin.It is of great significance to master the dynamic changes of soil erosion for the ecological restoration of the Yellow River basin.Based on the Ningxia bulletin data of soil and water conservation,the paper analyzed the soil erosion intensity,area and spatial distribution of Ningxia in 2019,compared with the erosion situation in 2011 and obtained the dynamic change characteristics of soil erosion in Ningxia.The results show that a)the total area of soil erosion in Ningxia in 2019 is 15888.51 km 2,accounting for 23.93%of the total area of the whole region.Compared with 2011,the total area of soil erosion has been decreased by 19.02%;b)the area of soil erosion in Zhongwei City is larger and the erosion intensity is higher.Compared with 2011,the total area of soil erosion in each city has been decreased in varying degrees and the overall erosion intensity has been decreased;c)the soil erosion in Ningxia is mainly distributed in the arid grassland wind water erosion crisscross area of hilly tableland-Ⅲand water wind erosion crisscross area of gullied rolling loess area-Ⅶand;d)the area and intensity of soil erosion of different land use types are different.The erosion intensity of construction land and transportation land is larger.