小型人为坡面土壤侵蚀、坡面演化与防治对策

我国南方丘陵区土壤侵蚀严重,人类活动对其有重大影响,其中小型人为坡面的土壤侵蚀尤为强烈.根据1990～1996年对苏南孔山地区小型人为坡面土壤侵蚀的观测,土壤侵蚀主要发生在山麓人为开荒、挖土造成的裸露坡面上,土壤侵蚀的季节性变化明显,微沟谷侵蚀、溅蚀与土溜是主要的侵蚀方式.伴随着坡面地貌演化与植被覆盖度的增加,坡面土壤侵蚀趋于停止,人为裸露坡面的侵蚀过程历时6年,早期土壤侵蚀严重.针对侵蚀特征提出了防治小型人为坡面土壤侵蚀的对策.

Evolution of Slope and Tiny Artificial Soil Erosion on Slope and the Corresponding Treatments.

There is severe soil erosion in hilly lands in southern China with tremendous influence on it from human being activities, in which the tiny artifical soil erosion on slopes is especially acute based on the observation from 1990 to 1996 of tiny artifical soil erosion on slopes in Kong mountain in southern Jiangsu Province, soil erosion is mainly happened at hill foot in artificial slopes without vegetation and has clear variation along with seasons, the major erosion patterns are tiny gully erosion, splash erosion and slurry flows. Soil erosion on slopes are tended to cease along slope landform development and recover of vegetation. There was more severe soil erosion in early time of the 6 years of artificial erosion process in the slopes. The corresponding prevention treatments according to the erosion characteristics are put forward in the paper.