鞍山市矿业损毁地生态重建模式研究

鞍山市矿点较多,总计有452处,矿业损毁地面积达10 230.77 hm2,且具有水土流失强度大、恢复难度大等特点。通过选择代表性矿业损毁地进行定点试验,提出5种生态重建模式:一是点、线、面全方位保护生态林重建模式,适用于陡坡排岩场;二是石埂梯田全覆土生态林重建模式,适用于缓坡排岩场;三是林果草花鸟鱼生态旅游综合开发模式,适用于尾矿库的库面;四是经济林、生态林、牧草梯式立体开发模式,适用于尾矿库的坝面;五是多种养殖立体开发模式,适用于采场。结果表明:这几种生态重建模式的实施在该市产生了显著的生态、经济和社会效益,同时这些模式也可为其他地区矿业损毁地生态重建提供借鉴。

Ecological Rebuilding Mode of Land Damaged by Mining Industry of Anshan City

There are altogether 452 mining areas in Anshan City.The area damaged by mining industry is 10 230.77 hm2 with the characteristics of great intensity of soil and water loss and difficult for restoration.It puts forward 5 types of ecological rebuilding mode through designated-place tests by selecting typical areas damaged by mining industry: a) a mode of overall protection for ecological trees rebuilding which is applicable to rock removal area with steep slopes;b) a mode of ecological trees rebuilding on terraced fields with stone banks which is applicable to rock removal area with gentle slopes;c) a mode of comprehensive development of eco-tour of trees,orchard,grass,flower,birds and fishes which is applicable to the reservoir surface of tailings;d) a mode of trapezoid and tridimensional development of economic trees,ecological trees and herbage which is applicable to the dam surface of tailings and;e) a mode of diversified culture and solid development which is applicable to the mining area.The outcomes show that the implementation of the above modes has exerted great ecological,economic and social benefits and also provided reference for ecological rebuilding for the area damaged by mining industry in other places.