黄土落水洞初步研究

黄土落水洞,是低凹地带湿陷性黄土长期遭受机械潜蚀和溶蚀作用的结果,它可分为黄土碟、黄土陷穴和黄土井三类。落水洞广泛分布于黄土高原,年降水量在450mm左右的湿陷性黄土地区陷穴、黄土井十分发育;黄土塬边及高阶地前缘陷穴、黄土井发育程度较好,粱区落水洞沿冲沟或小支沟呈串珠状分布;黄土丘陵地区峁坟上落水洞以陷穴为主,黄土碟次之,峁间宽缓的掌形地冲沟两侧及沟头陷穴和黄土井较为发育。黄土落水洞在滑坡、泥石流发育过程中起着重要作用,它是黄土高原地区地下水补给的重要通道。

Preliminary Study on Loess Doline

Loess doline, the result of collapsing loess in lowland subject to longterm mechanical subsurface corrosion, can be divided into dish-like loess depression, loess sinkhole and loess sink well. Loess dolines distribute ex-tensively in the Loess Plateau.,Loess sinkholes and loess sinkwells are well developed in collapsing loess area with annual rainfall of about 450mm, and comparatively less developed on edges of loess tableland and high terrace. Loess dolines distribute along ravines and small gullies in the ridge area in form of series of beads. Loess dolines on slope of mounds in the rolling area are mainly loess sinkholes and dish-like loess depressions count the second. Loess sinkholes and loess sinkwells are also comparatively well developed on loess platform and gully head. Loess dolines play an important role in the developing process of landslide and debris flow and are the important channels of ground water recharge in the loess area.